黄河口、长江口和珠江口水域鱼类分类学多样性的对比研究  

Comparison of ontaxonomic diversity of fish community among the Yellow River estuary,Yangtze River estuary,Pearl River estuary and their adjacent waters

作　　者：郑亮[1,2] 吕振波 李凡 徐炳庆 李敏利 杨福芝 

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264006 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [3]山东省海阳核电装备制造工业园区管理委员会,山东海阳265116

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2014年第5期530-535,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：农业部自然科学计划项目(2130135);山东省渔业厅项目(2012-2013);国家海洋局公益性行业科研专项(201405010)

摘　　要：为了解黄河口、长江口和珠江口水域鱼类分类学多样性及物种之间的差异关系,根据对3个河口水域鱼类的调查资料,采用Nelson分类系统对鱼类名录进行系统整理,运用分类学多样性指数、各分类单元相似性指数和物种相对丰富度指数方法,对3个河口水域鱼类物种组成进行了研究分析。结果表明:3个河口水域共有鱼类1210种,其中黄河口水域198种,长江口水域338种,珠江口水域1009种,各水域鲈形目种类最多,且目级相对丰富度也以鲈形目最高;等级多样性指数(Δ+)和分类差异变异指数(Λ+)均以珠江口水域最低,说明珠江口水域鱼类较其他2个河口水域鱼类群落间的亲缘关系较近,且不同分类阶元间物种分布较均匀;相似性分析表明,黄河口水域和珠江口水域鱼类相似性在各分类阶元均最低,说明两个河口水域之间鱼类种类组成差异较大。Taxonomic diversity, similarity index at different taxonomic levels and relative abundances at order level were analyzed among the Yellow River estuary, Yangtze River estuary, Pearl River estuary and their adjacent wa-ters by Nelson’s classification system based on the available survey data and historical survey data in order to know the fish taxonomic diversity and the relationship of different community structure. In the estuaries there were 1210 species of fishes including 2 classes, 32 orders, 189 families, 548 genera. There were 198 species belonging to 2 classes, 21 orders, 65 families, and 133 genera in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters, 338 species belonging to 2 classes, 27 orders, 102 families, and 230 genera in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent wa-ters, and 1009 species belonging to 2 classes, 26 orders, 157 families, and 454 genera with predominant order Perciformes in the Pearl River estuary and its adjacent waters. The average taxonomic distinctness△ ＋（77. 2 in the Yellow River estuary, 78. 9 in Yangtze River estuary and 76. 7 in Pearl River estuary）, and the variation in taxo-nomic distinctness Λ＋（310. 0 in the Yellow River estuary, 272. 7 in Yangtze River estuary, and 240. 0 in Pearl River estuary） were shown to be higher in the Yellow River estuary and Yangtze River estuary than in Pearl River estuary, indiating that the Pearl River estuary taxonomic diversity was poorer, genetic relationship of fish communi-ty was closer, and the degree of concentration of species on taxonomic category was lower than the other two. Mean-while, comparison with other sea area revealed that the maximal taxonomic distinctness△ ＋was found in the estuary waters, and the similarity index showed that the minimal similarity and great difference in species composition were observed in the Yellow River estuary and Pearl River estuary in all taxonomic levels.

关 键 词：分类学多样性 相对丰富度指数 相似性指数 黄河口水域 长江口水域 珠江口水域 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]