改革开放以来中国能源供需特征与治理模式  

Demand,Supply and Governance of Energy in Reform-Era China

作　　者：邬亮[1,2] 赵小凡[2,3] 齐晔[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文社会科学学院,北京100083 [2]清华大学气候政策研究中心,北京100084 [3]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2014年第12期147-152,共6页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(编号:TD2013-6)

摘　　要：完善能源治理模式,是推动中国能源生产和消费革命的关键之处,也是中国进一步深化改革的重要内容。对于能源问题而言,治理模式的不同,本质上是科层、市场、社区三种机制对能源供给和需求的影响力不同。本文旨在总结改革开放时期中国能源治理模式的特征,以及中国完善能源治理模式的方向。研究发现,改革开放时期,中国能源的特征是以粗放的供给满足过快增长的需求,其背后的治理模式的特点是市场机制主导,科层和社区机制的作用甚微。这种模式必然是无法延续的,中国能源革命的目标应该是以科学的供给满足合理的需求,这要求结束原有的过分依赖市场机制的治理模式,充分发挥科层机制和社区机制的作用。具体而言,应将控制能源需求总量列为国家战略和政府工作目标,倡导节约文化,压制奢侈性消费、重复投资和高能耗产品出口,在此基础上,明确限制能源生产的总量,大力调整能源供给的结构。Improvement of energy governance is key to China＇s energy revolution, which is also an important task of China＇s further reform. In different countries or periods, market, hierarchy and communal mechanisms have diverse influence in energy demand and supply, which is the difference between energy governances. This article aims to summarize the characteristics of energy governance in Reform-Era China, and finds the directions to improve it. We found that energy demand is excessively increasing in Reform-Era China, which is met by extensive supply. Energy governance in Reform-Era China is dominated by the market mechanism and lack of hierarchy and communal mechanisms. This energy governance is necessarily unsustainable. The objective of China＇s energy revolution should be to limit energy demand to a reasonable level, which can be met only by scientific supply. To improve the present energy governance, hierarchy and communal mechanisms should be utilized along with the market mechanism. Specifically, a cap on energy demand should be made a national strategy and a key task of the national government; an energy-saving lifestyle should be advocated; extravagant consumption, repeated investment, and export of energy-intensive products should be refrained. In addition, the total amount of energy supply should be controlled according to the demand, and the energy supply structure should be adjusted.

关 键 词：能源 治理 中国 改革开放 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]