城市居民最低生活保障制度的困境分析与政策转型  

Trouble Analysis and Policy Transformation of the Minimum Living Security System of City Residents

作　　者：张峻豪[1] 邓大松[1] 黄玉君[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2014年第12期159-163,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：博士后基金面上项目"生态脆弱区水利工程移民的适应能力及其发展保障研究"(编号:2013M542041);国家社会科学基金青年项目"农民工城市融入问题研究"(编号:11CGL066)

摘　　要：目前,国内在对城市居民最低生活保障制度改革的研究中,极少从该制度本身着手,深入探讨该制度的缺陷。据此,本文另辟蹊径,将该制度解构为目标层规则(保障范围、保障标准和保障方式)和执行层规则(前期准入、中期动态管理和后期退出)组成的二元规则结构,探讨这两个层面规则的演进及协调运行的两个条件:交易费用与产权秩序。在此基础上,构建了用以分析城市居民最低生活保障制度运行的"目标扩张—执行成本控制—产权秩序变迁"理论分析框架。在该分析框架下,"福利污名"被看作是在"应保尽保"目标下,执行层规则中的公示程序带来的污名效应。但由于公示程序具备降低交易费用与推进形成合理产权秩序的优点,使其难以被其他非污名化的规则取代。而"福利依赖"则被看作在政府交易费用控制下,由于信息不对称,城市居民最低保障制度运行中低保对象利用其在制度产权秩序中的优势地位,谋取更多利益与利益机会的行为。要避免城市居民最低生活保障制度运行中的困境,就应该使该制度在运行中,能够尽量降低交易费用,并达到合理的产权秩序,而这正是该制度的政策转型方向。At present, the domestic research on the minimum living security system of city residents＇ reform, rarely from the system itself to, discuss the shortcomings of the system. Therefore, this paper, deconstruction the system as target layer rule and executive rules, to investigate the evolution of the two level rules and two conditions for coordinated operation of the two level rules ： transaction cost and property order. On this basis, construction a framework of theoretical analysis： ＂the target expansion--execution cost control--property order change＂. In this framework, ＂welfare stigma＂ is regarded as the stigma effects caused by the execution layer rules in the public notice. But because the publicity procedures have lower transaction costs and promote the formation of the advantages of reasonable property order, make it hard for other non stigmatized replace rules. ＂Welfare dependency＂ is regarded as a behavior that the transaction cost under the control of the government, and existence of information asymmetry, objects using its system advantage position in property order of system, to seek more interests and the interests of opportunity . To avoid the dilemma of city residents of the minimum living security system in the operation, should make the system in operation, to reduce transaction costs, and achieve reasonable property order, and this is the policy direction of transformation.

关 键 词：城市居民最低生活保障制度 困境分析 政策转型 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]