秸秆还田和覆膜对西北旱地玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning and Plastic Film Mulching on Dryland Maize Yield in Northwest China

作　　者：王凤山[1] 常磊[2] 孙长红[1] 黄彩霞[3] 韩凡香[2] 柴守玺[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省通渭县农业技术推广中心,甘肃通渭743300 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学工学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2014年第6期109-112,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104)

摘　　要：通过连续4a定位试验，研究了西北黄土高原雨养农业秸秆还田和地膜覆盖对旱地玉米土壤水分、有机质和产量的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，覆膜和秸秆还田均可显著提高产量，2009--2012年产量平均值较CK提高22．1％～102．0％。各年度产量、水分利用效率、土壤贮水量均以SM处理最高。覆膜条件下产量、水分利用效率、土壤贮水量明显高于秸秆还田。秸秆还田可明显提高土壤有机质，各年度有机质均以秸秆还田（SM、S）处理较高且呈逐年升高趋势．不还田（M、CK）处理则较低且呈逐年下降趋势。玉米秸秆还田是培肥地力、避免玉米地膜栽培和玉米连作引起地力下降的有效措施。The effects of straw returning and plastic film mulching on soil moisture, soil organic matter and yield of dryland maize were investigated through 4-year long-term experiment in the Northwestern Loess Plateau of China. The results indicated that compared to CK, both straw returning and plastic film mulching could improve maize yield significantly and the average yield in 2009--2012 increased by 22. 1%- 102.0%. Water use efficiency, soil water storage and yield in SM treatment were all the highest each year, but water use efficiency, soil water storage and yield in M treatment were obviously higher than those of S treatment. S treatment could enhance soil organic matter, and soil organic matters were higher in four years and increased year by year in SM and S treatments. In contrast, soil organic matters were lower and decreased year by year in the treatments of M and CK. Thus, maize straw returning was the effective measures to increase soil fertility, which could avoid loss of soil fertility caused by plastic film mulching and maize continuous cropping.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆还田 地膜覆盖 水分利用效率 产量 土壤有机质 旱地 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]