黄土高原藉河流域径流对气候变化和人类活动的响应  

Response of Runoff to Climate Changes and Human Activities in a Watershed of Northwest Loess Plateau

作　　者：李庆云[1] 余新晓[2] 王文川[1] 徐冬梅[1] 吕素冰[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学水利学院,郑州450011 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2014年第6期136-140,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑项目(2011BAD38B05);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师资助计划项目(2012GGJS-099);林业公益性行业科研专项(201104005)

摘　　要：通过Mann-Kendall趋势检验,将年径流序列划分为"天然基准期"和"人类活动影响期",定量研究了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区藉河流域气候变化和人类活动对径流的影响。结果表明,1962-2008年,流域径流呈显著下降趋势并于1971年发生突变,降水量没有发生明显趋势性变化,但气温呈明显上升趋势;流域气候变化和人类活动变化对径流减少的贡献率分别为9.8%和90.2%,人类活动是径流急剧变化的主导因素。研究期间藉河流域土地利用发生了很大变化,坡耕地面积大量减少而梯田面积大幅增加,林草覆被也有一定增加。黄土高原坡改梯工程及水土保持综合治理措施是径流变化的主要原因。The runoff series was divided into ＂basic period＂ and ＂human-effected period＂ according to Mann-Kendall trend test. The effects of climate change and human activities on runoff in a watershed in the third sub-region of Loess Plateau were studied quantitatively. The results indicated that runoff presented obvious decreasing trend with sudden change in 1971, annual precipitation changed hardly, but the temperature rose evidently from 1962 to 2008. Human activities was the main factor of runoff change with contribution of 90.2~ while the contribution of climate change was only 9.8~. Land uses changed greatly in Jihe watershed in the past decades, sloping farmland declined dramatically whereas terrace increased enormously, forest and grassland also increased slightly. The conversion of sloping farmland to terrace and soil ＆ water conservation practices played significant roles in runoff changes on the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：黄土高原 径流 气候变化 土地利用/覆被 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学]