2008-2012年无锡市手足口病疫情特征及病原学分析  

Analysis of Epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of hand, foot,and mouth diseases in Wuxi from 2008 to 2012

作　　者：石平[1] 陆兵[1] 钱燕华[1] 施超[1] 

机构地区：[1]无锡市疾病预防控制中心,江苏无锡214023

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第22期4141-4143,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：无锡市卫生局重大项目(G201201)

摘　　要：目的了解无锡市2008-2012年手足口病流行趋势及其病原学变化特点,为本地区防控手足口病提供科学依据。方法通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》收集病例相关信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析比较,收集无锡市哨点医院的手足口病例样本,进行病毒核酸检测。结果无锡市2008-2012年共报告手足口病46 534例,年均发病率161.39/10万;重症比例为22.01‰;死亡率0.014/10万。发病有两个高峰,主要集中在5-7月和11-12月,重症发生亦集中在7月;全区各县区均有发病,无锡新区、滨湖、锡山和惠山等城乡结合地区发病率较高,且重症发生率较高;普通病例男女性别比为1.48∶1,5岁以下儿童发病占93.20%,重症病例主要以散居儿童中3岁及以下儿童高发。病原学监测结果显示以EV71(占50.09%)和Cox A16(31.48%)为主,重症病例EV71阳性率明显高于普通病例。结论手足口病的发生存在明显季节性及地区、性别、年龄差异,且疫情处于上升状态,应加强对手足口病的健康教育及对农村偏远地区和城镇托幼机构的疫情监测力度,同时提高医疗机构对手足口病重症病例的诊断及救治能力。Objective This study was to explore the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of the hand, foot and mouth disease （HFMD） in Wuxi city, and provide scientific evidences for its prevention and control. Methods Data of cases were collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods. Samples of HFMD cases were collected for viral nucleic acid detection. Results 46534 cases of HFMD were reported from 2008 to 2012 in Wuxi and the average annual incidence was 161.39/100 000. The rate of severe cases was 22.01%v and mortality was 0.014/100 000. The incidence peaked first in May-July and then in November-December. The incidence of severe cases peaked in July. The patients distributed throughout the counties and districts. The incidence of HFMD （including the severe cases） in sururban areas such as Wuxi New District, Binghu District, Huishan and Xishan District was higher. The male-to-female ratio of ordinary cases was 1.48：1. The Majority （93.20%） of the cases occurred to children below five years old, mostly scattered and kindergarten children. Severe cases occurred mainly among scattered children under 3 years old. EV71 （50.09%） and CA16 （31.48%） were the major pathogens for HFMD in Wuxi. The EV71 positive rate was significantly higher among severe cases than ordinary cases （P〈0.001）. Conclusion Incidence of HFMD differs significantly with season, region, gender and age. HFMD incidence ascended in the past five years. It was necessary to strengthen health education and disease surveillance in remote rural villages and child-care centers in towns. The diagnosis and treatment of severe HFMD should be improved as well.

关 键 词：手足口病 流行特征 病原学 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]