聚异氰脲酸酯硬泡/硅气凝胶复合绝热材料的制备及性能表征  

Preparation and Performance Characterization of Polyisocyanurate(PIR)/Silica Aerogel Composite Rigid Foam Insulation Materials

作　　者：赵春英[1,2] 严云[1,2] 胡志华[1,2] 李利平[1,2] 范晓正 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学四川省非金属复合与功能材料重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,绵阳621010 [2]西南科技大学先进建筑材料四川省重点实验室,绵阳621010

出　　处：《武汉理工大学学报》2014年第8期17-24,共8页Journal of Wuhan University of Technology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划("863"计划)(2011AA06A106);"十二五"计划国家科技支撑计划(2011BAA04B04)

摘　　要：以聚醚/聚酯多元醇、多异氰酸酯(PAPI)、助剂等为原料,与SiO2气凝胶进行复合,制备聚异氰脲酸酯硬泡(PIR)/硅气凝胶复合绝热材料。研究了颗粒状SiO2气凝胶的加入对聚氨酯(PU)阻燃性、热稳定性及力学性能的影响,并对复合材料的结构进行分析与表征。结果表明:复合材料的氧指数高达31%,比纯PIR的27.2%增加了13.9%;复合材料的热导率均比纯PIR低,保温效果好;压缩强度随SiO2气凝胶添加量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,且在SiO2气凝胶添加量为3%时达到最大。此外,SiO2气凝胶的加入提高了PU的热稳定性,热分解温度提高了70℃,残余量从24.13%增加到38.06%,增幅达13.93%。所制备的复合绝热材料符合国家标准,且机械性能明显优于纯PU,具有一定的实用性。Composite rigid foam insulation materials based on polyisocyanurate （PIR）/silica aerogel were prepared u- sing polyether/polyester polyols, isocyanates （PAPI） and additives as raw materials reinforced wit/1 SiO2 aerogel nanop- articles. The effect of the addition of SiO2 aerogel granular particles on the performances of polyurethane（PU）, Such as flame retardancy, thermal stability and mechanical property,etc, was investigated, and the structures of composite mate- rial were correspondingly analyzed and characterized. The results showed that the oxygen index of composite material was up to 31%, an increase of 13.9% compared with pure PIR of 27.2% % the thermal conductivity of composite material re- markably was lower than the pure PIR： the compression strength presented a trend of an increase at first and then a drop with the addition of SiO2 aerogel increasing, and reached the maximum value when the addition of 3 %; Besides, the ther- mal stability of PU was enhanced as the addition of SiOa aerogel increased, and its thermal decomposition temperature was improved with an increase of 70 ℃, simultaneously, the residual mass after firing increased from 24. 13% to 38.06%, with an increase up to 13.93%. The as-prepared composite insulation materials meet the national standards, and its mechanical performance is also superior obviously compared with pure PU, hence it is practical in terms of its application.

关 键 词：PIR硬泡 SIO2气凝胶 氧指数 热稳定性 热导率 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]