小麦玉米杂交中麦穗小花穗位间的成胚率差异研究  

Differences of the Haploid Embryo Rate among Floret Positions in Wheat×Maize Crosses

作　　者：刘琨[1] 李宏生[1] 李绍祥[1] 顾坚[1] 田玉仙[1] 丁明亮[1] 赵红[1] 杨木军[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/国家小麦改良中心云南分中心,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2014年第5期591-596,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：云南省应用基础研究重点项目(2010CC001);国家"863"计划项目(2011AA10A106);云南省科技创新人才计划项目(2012HC008)

摘　　要：为了进一步提高小麦×玉米单倍体胚的成胚率和小麦双单倍体的产生效率,以小麦不同穗位小花对小麦×玉米单倍体胚成胚率的影响进行探讨。利用同一玉米品种给13个小麦DH株系授粉,对授粉后的麦穗进行剪穗离体培养,并镜检不同穗位小花的成胚情况。结果表明,13个DH株系下、中、上3个穗位小花的平均成胚率分别为30.71%、27.83%和11.46%,表现为下部〉中部〉上部,下部和中部小穗的成胚率差异不显著,但均极显著高于上部小穗;13个DH株系从麦穗基部到顶部21个小穗的平均成胚率仍以顶部小穗最低、下部小穗最高,变幅为2.1%-37.96%;3个穗位小穗间成胚率变异系数的大小为中部（CV=10.99%）〈下部（CV=17.45%）〈上部（CV=58.28%）,表明中部小穗单倍体胚的形成最稳定。用营养液对离体培养的9个DH系的麦穗进行3种喷穗处理,结果表明,在穗培养的前3d用穗培养液喷穗,显著提高了中部和上部小穗的成胚率,同时降低了各小穗穗位间成胚率的差异。说明剪穗离体培养中营养供给的差异是造成麦穗小花间成胚率差异的原因之一。In order to improve the frequency of haploid embryo and the efficiency of wheat double haploid production in wheat× maize cross,the effect of wheat floret position on haploid embryo rate was investigated by crossing 13wheat DH lines with the same maize variety,pollinated spikes were cut and in vitro cultured in nutrition,the haploid embryo formation of each floret position was exercised and recorded.The average embryo rates of lower and middle spikelets had no statistical difference, but they were significantly higher than that of the upper spikelets,with the average embryo rates of 30.71%,27.83%and 11.46%,respectively.The average embryo rate of each spikelet from the bottom to top of 13lines showed the same trend as above;which varied from 2.10% of the top 21st spikelet to 37.96% of the lower fifth spikelet,and the coefficient of variation of spikelet embryo rate was as the middle parts（CV=10.99%） lower parts（CV=17.45%） upper parts（CV= 58.28%）,indicating the middle spikelets had the best stability in embryo formation.Results on thepollinated tillers of 9DH lines were cut and sprayed with ear culture nutrition at three different treatments during in vitro culture,showed that compared with the CK of spraying 100mg·L-1 of 2,4-D once,spraying with ear culture solution in the first three days of in vitro culture significantly raised the embryo rates of middle and upper spikelets,and decreased the differences of embryo rates among spikelets.The above results suggested that the difference in nutrition supply among different spikelet positions could be one of the reasons causing embryo rate differences during in vitro culture of cut spike.

关 键 词：小麦玉米杂交 小花穗位 单倍体 成胚率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S334