天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川物质平衡高度变化特征及其对径流的影响  

Characteristics of the altitude-dependent mass balance and their impact on runoff of the Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of the ürümqi River,Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：蒲红铮 韩添丁[1] 李向应[1] 鲁承阳[3] 焦克勤[1] 王进[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院 寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]黄河水利委员会上游水文水资源局,甘肃兰州730030 [4]新疆阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,新疆阿克苏843000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2014年第5期1251-1259,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271035;41201060;41121001);中国科学院重点部署项目(KJZD-EW-G03-04-03);国家科技支撑计划专项(2013BAB05B03T1)资助

摘　　要：利用天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川1980-2010年的物质平衡、水文气象实测资料,分析了1号冰川1980-2010年的各高度带物质平衡特征,进而分析了1984-2010年纯积累和纯消融的变化特点及其与气象要素、冰川融水径流变化的关系.结果表明:1号冰川物质平衡处于持续的负平衡,纯积累量与年降水的相关系数为-0.16,纯消融量与年均温的相关系数为0.61,与夏季(6-8月)气温的相关系数为0.78.2010年1号冰川为有观测记录以来的最强消融年(bn=-1 327 mm),整个冰川处于消融区(平衡线高度大于海拔4 484 m,积累区面积为0),同时东、西支冰川各高度区间的物质平衡变化也与往年度显著不同,说明2010年是1号冰川物质平衡变化的特殊年份,也有可能1号冰川的物质平衡变化进入了一个新的亏损变化阶段.对其径流数据的分析还表明,温度对径流的影响大于降水对径流的影响.Based on the observation of surface mass balance from 1980 to 2010 on the Glacier No. 1 at the headwaters of the rümqi River,Tianshan Mountains,together with hydrological and meteorological data,the relationships between net ablation and climatic factors and between net accumulation and climatic factors during1984-2010 are studied. In addition,characteristics of mass balances in different altitude ranges and their impact on runoff of the glacier are analyzed. It is found that in the Glacier No. 1 mass balance is in a continuous deficit situation. A statistical analysis shows that the correlation coefficient is-0. 16 between net accumulation and precipitation; the correlation coefficient is 0. 61 between net ablation and annual mean air temperature; the correlation coefficient is 0. 78 between net accumulation and the summer mean air temperature; in 2010 both annual net accumulation and accumulation area reached the minimum in the record since observation; in 2010 both annual net ablation and ablation area reached the maximum in the record since observation. 2010 was the strongest ablation year（ bn=-1 327 mm）,when the Glacier No. 1 was totally in the ablation zone（ ELA 4 484 m）.Most notably,mass balances in various altitude ranges of the glacier,whatever in east branch or in west branch,were significantly different from those in previous years. These suggest that 2010 was a special year of mass balance and that mass balance of the glacier seems to enter a new stage. It is also revealed that the influence of air temperature on runoff is greater than that of precipitation.

关 键 词：1号冰川 物质平衡 径流 天山 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]