短期原油污染致使冻土活动层细菌群落显著改变--以加格达奇冻土活动层为例  

Significant shifts of bacterial communities in the active layer of permafrost caused by crude oil contamination:A case study from Jiagedaqi

作　　者：文茜[1] 赵亮[2] 石玉兰[2] 杨思忠[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学电气工程学院,甘肃兰州730030 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2014年第5期1306-1312,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40901044;41171055)资助

摘　　要：生物降解与土著微生物群落结构、功能及其变化密切相关.目前,对于东北冻土土壤中的适冷降解菌了解不足.新建成的中俄输油管道穿越中国东北的多年冻土区,为相关研究提供了契机.实验利用454高通量测序分析了加格达奇冻土活动层土壤在受控原油污染前后的微生物群落结构.结果显示:污染后的Proteobacteria和Firmicutes相对丰度显著升高,优势类群包括Alicyclobacillus、Sphingomonas、Nevskia以及Bacillus.群落以芳烃降解菌或者耐受油污环境的细菌为主.这种变化与原油(尤其是芳烃)组分的生态毒害作用有关.较高浓度的原油污染下,群落中可耐受油污环境的细菌丰度相对更高.Bioremediation is related to indigenous microbial community dynamics,structure,and function. In permafrost areas of Northeast China,the potential application of bioremediation has been considered before the construction of the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline. So far less is known about the behavious of cold-adapted degrading bacteria in the permafrost along the pipeline. Therefore,a contamination experiment with crude oil was conducted for eight weeks to investigate the response of indigenous bacteria. The 454 pyrosequencing data obtained from the experiment revealed a clear shift in the bacterial profiles in contaminated samples by comparison with the innate communities. Proteobacteria（ especially alpha and beta-subdivision） and Firmicutes were enhanced after the contamination. The population is dominated by members from the genera of Alicyclobacillus,Sphingomonas,Nevskia and Bacillus. This result is probably due to the eco-toxic effect of crude oil components,particularly PAHs which is in favor of the bacteria able to degrade or tolerant to aromatic compounds. In addition,the high loading of crude oil contaminants tends to result in more abundant bacteria able to withstand crude oil.

关 键 词：细菌群落 降解 冻土活动层 原油污染 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学]