我国三个农村非镉污染区人群尿镉水平特征分析  

Investigation of urinary cadmium characteristics of the general population in three non-cadmium-polluted rural areas in China

作　　者：韩京秀[1] 胡冀[2] 孙宏[3] 荆其青 王晓峰[5] 楼晓明[5] 丁震[3] 陈晓东[3] 张文丽[1] 尚琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021 [2]湖南省疾病预防控制中心 [3]江苏省疾病预防控制中心 [4]湖南省溆浦县疾病预防控制中心 [5]浙江省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《卫生研究》2014年第6期939-943,952,共6页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：环境保护部2010年环保公益性行业科研专项经费项目(No.20100949)

摘　　要：目的探讨和分析我国农村非镉污染区非镉职业暴露人群尿镉水平及分布特征。方法在非环境镉污染区随机选择各性别及各个年龄段的非镉职业暴露人群2548人(男性1290人,女性1258人),进行流行病学调查以及采集随机尿样,检测尿镉及尿肌酐(Cr)含量,剔除尿肌酐浓度<0.3 g/L以及>3 g/L的调查对象,分析尿镉的影响因素,按第95百分位数计算人群经肌酐校正后的尿镉正常值范围。结果尿镉随年龄的增加而呈上升趋势。经统计学分析,30岁以上人群的尿镉显著高于30岁以下人群,女性显著高于男性,吸烟者显著高于非吸烟者(P<0.01)。采用广义线性模型进行多因素分析,结果显示在调整了其他影响因素后,吸烟、年龄和性别仍对尿镉水平有显著性影响(P<0.01),回归方程为尿镉(肌酐校正)=0.854+0.325×吸烟+0.111×年龄段-0.305×性别(F=367.69,P<0.01)。但回归方程的复相关系数R2=0.0350,即尿镉的变异中可用性别、年龄和吸烟来解释的百分比只有3.50%。分性别和是否吸烟,按照<30岁和≥30岁两个年龄段分析人群的尿镉上限值,≥30岁女性吸烟者的95%上限值(13.47μg/g Cr)明显高于其他人群的上限值(<6μg/g Cr);≥30岁男性吸烟者和≥30岁女性的95%尿镉上限值均超出了我国职业性镉中毒诊断标准(GBZ 17—2002)中的尿镉限值(5μg/g Cr)。结论非环境镉污染区非镉职业暴露人群尿镉背景值<6μg/g Cr,但是对于30岁以上吸烟女性的尿镉限值还需要更多的研究来探索。Objective To investigate the characteristics of urinary cadmium of the non-occupational-cadmium-exposed population in non-cadmium contaminated rural area in China. Methods Randomly selected non-occupational cadmium exposed population 2548 people （male 1290, female 1258） with each gender and age groups, questionnaire surveyed and collected random urine. Urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine （Cr） concentration were tested, excluding urinary Cr 〈 0. 3 g/L and 〉 3 g/L. Analyze the impact factors of urinary cadmium and calculated 95% quantile （P95） of urinary cadmium after correction by urinary Cr. Results Urinary cadmium increased with age and showed an upward trend. The urinary cadmium of the population of ≥30 years old was significantly higher than that of 〈 30 years old, women significantly higher than male, and smokers significantly higher than non-smokers （P 〈 0.01 ）. Generalized linear model for multivariate analysis showed that smoking, age and gender are still significantly affected on urinary cadmium after adjusting for other factors （P 〈 0.01 ）, regression equation： urinary cadmium （Cr corrected） =0.854 ＋ 0.325 × smoking ＋ 0. 111 × age - 0. 305 × gender （F = 367.69, P 〈 0.01 ）. However, the multiple correlation coefficient of regression equation R2 = 0. 0350, which is only 3.50% available in urinary cadmium variations can be explained by gender, age, and smoking. According to gender, smoking and 〈 30 and ≥30 years of age, analysis the upper limit of cadmium in urine, the 95% upper limit of urinary cadmium of ≥30 year-old female smokers （ 13.47 μg/g Cr） was significantly higher than other populations （ 〈 6.0 μg/g Cr）, the 95% upper limit of urinary cadmium of ≥30 year-old female and ≥ 30 year-old male smokers exceeded the urinary cadmium limits （5 μg/g Cr） of the occupational cadmium poisoning diagnostic criteria in China （GB Z17--2002 ）. Conclusion The urinary cadmium reference value of non-occupational-cadmium-exposed popul

关 键 词：非镉暴露 尿镉 正常值 

分 类 号：R994.6[医药卫生—毒理学] R181.34[医药卫生—药学]