富勒烯肼硝酸盐的制备及其热分解性能  

The Preparation and Thermal Decomposition Performance of Fullerene Hydrazine Nitrate

作　　者：关会娟[1] 金波[1] 彭汝芳[1] 赵凤起[2] 韩文静[1] 陈百利[1] 楚士晋[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学非金属复合与功能材料省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,四川绵阳621010 [2]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《兵工学报》2014年第11期1756-1764,共9页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51372211;21301142);国防基础科研项目(A3120110005;A3120133002);四川省青年科技创新研究团队项目(2011JTD0017);西南科技大学杰出青年基金项目(13ZX9107)

摘　　要：以富勒烯、水合肼为原料合成富勒烯肼,富勒烯肼再与浓硝酸反应得到一种新型含能燃烧催化剂—富勒烯肼硝酸盐,并采用红外、紫外、元素分析及X射线光电子能谱等现代分析测试技术对产物结构进行了表征。采用差热分析(DTA)法和热重分析(TGA)法对富勒烯肼硝酸盐的热稳定性进行了研究,结果表明,在动态空气气氛下,其具有一定的热稳定性。采用DTA法,对加入富勒烯肼硝酸盐前后硝胺炸药黑索今(RDX)和奥克托今(HMX)的热分解行为进行了研究,结果表明,加入富勒烯肼硝酸盐后,RDX和HMX在不同升温速率(2.5℃/min、5℃/min、10℃/min和20℃/min)条件下的放热峰值温度均降低,RDX分解活化能降低了约17 k J/mol,HMX分解活化能降低值大于20 k J/mol,由此表明富勒烯肼硝酸盐对RDX和HMX的热分解均有一定的催化作用。A new potential energetic combustion catalyst,fullerene hydrazine nitrate,is prepared via a two-step process,in which fullerene hydrazine is prepared with fullerene and hydrazine hydrate,and then fullerene hydrazine reacts with concentrated nitric acid to form fullerene hydrazine nitrate. The chemical structures of products are characterized by FT-IR,UV-visible spectra,elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thermal stability of fullerene hydrazine nitrate is characterized by differential thermal analysis（ DTA） and thermogravimetry analysis（ TGA）. The results indicate that the product shows a certain thermal stability in dynamic air atmosphere. The thermal decomposition behaviours of RDX and HMX in the absence and presence of fullerene hydrazine nitrate are investigated by using DTA method. The research results show that fullerene hydrazine nitrate can accelerate obviously the decomposition of RDX and HMX. The peak temperatures of the exothermal decomposition are reduced at the dif-ferent heating rates of 2. 5,5,10 and 20 ℃ / min. The corresponding activation energy of RDX is decreased by about 17 k J / mol,and that of HMX is reduced by more than 20 k J / mol.

关 键 词：兵器科学与技术 富勒烯肼硝酸盐 结构表征 热分解 燃烧催化剂 推进剂 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]