明清江南州县官员的行政规范与实践  

The Administrative Criterion of Counties' Magistrates and Its Implementation in Jiangnan Region during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：冯贤亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史系,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2014年第6期99-107,共9页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(项目批准号:09YJC770005);教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"项目(2011年度)之阶段性成果

摘　　要：明清江南地区作为全国的财赋重地,其州县行政之繁难体现在很多方面。国家制度中的州县行政规范,不可能呈现出地方行政的实践状态及其明清两代不同州县之间可能存在的各种差异。但就总体而论,无论是朝廷还是地方,对州县官员的期许,是所谓宣朝廷德化、奉朝廷法令、扬善惩恶、通达民情,既能有效地抑制或消除衙门吏役的腐败贪虐,又能很好地完成朝廷要求的催科抚字之重任。许多州县官员的从政实例表明,地方行政中存在的各种繁难,使其理想与现实之间出现了难以兼顾平衡的困境。As an important financial heartland during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the counties of Jiangnan region faced complicated problems in local administration. The administrative rules made by central government were not able to show the practical situation of local administrative operation as well as the differences may be existed among different counties. But as a whole,the central government and the local had the same expectations that county officials could promote moral education,obey central regulations,punish crimes,commend benevolences and understand the needs of the people. What’s more,county officials should take effective measures to restrain or eliminate corruption of runners and clerks of yamen,while efficiently completed the task of collecting taxes and stabilizing the local society. However,the practical experiences of counties’ magistrates indicated the great difficulties in local administration and caused the dilemma of the imbalance between ideal and reality.

关 键 词：江南 衙门 州县行政 吏治 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]