孕产妇产前红细胞血型不规则抗体检测的临床意义  

Clinical significance of matermal antenatal detection of blood group irregular antibodies of erythocyte

作　　者：倪建萍[1] 陈琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波市妇女儿童医院输血科,浙江宁波315010

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2014年第21期3119-3120,3123,共3页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

摘　　要：目的调查孕产妇红细胞血型不规则抗体的检出率及不规则抗体特异性的分布特点,预防母婴血型不合可能导致的新生儿溶血病的发生,并确保临床输血安全。方法收取本院2013年1月-2013年12月住院部产科所提供的4 724例孕产妇血清,采用微柱凝胶法、试管间接抗人球蛋白法进行不规则抗体筛查与鉴定,免疫球蛋白类型用2-巯基乙醇区分Ig G及Ig M,并对结果进行分析。结果 4 724例产妇中共检出不规则抗体28例,阳性率0.593%。其中6例为Ig M抗体,20例为Ig G类不规则抗体,2例为Ig M、Ig G混合抗体。在Ig G不规则抗体中,抗-D 6例,抗-E 7例,抗-e 2例,抗-Ec 2例,抗-Ce 1例,抗-Dc 1例,抗-M 1例。结论产前进行不规则抗体检测,对N-ABO-HDN早预防、早诊断、早治疗及避免紧急输血时的配血困难具有重要意义。Objective To prevent hemolytic disease of newborn caused by mother - infant blood group incompatibility and guarantee the safety of clinical blood transfusion by investigating the detection rate of maternal irregular antibody of erythroeyte blood group and distribution features of irregular antibody specificity. Methods To screen and identify irregular antibody by adopting the methods of MGT and tube indirect coombs test with 4 724 pregnant women＇s serum eoUected from January to December 2013, using 2 - mercaptoethanol to distinguish between IgG and IgM as for the immunoglobulin type. A detailed analysis is made on the findings. Results 28 irregular antibodies were detected among the 4 724 serum, taking a proportion of 0.593%. 6 cases among the 28 are IgM antibodies, with 20 the IgG antibodies, and 2 IgM ＋ IgG antibodies. And among the irregular IgG antibody, there are 6 cases of anti - D, 7 of anti - E, 2 of anti - e, 2 of anti - Ec 2, 1 of anti - Ce, 1 of anti - De and 1 of anti - M. Conclusion It is of great significance to make prenatal detection of irregular antibody for the early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment of N - ABO - HDN and for avoiding the blood cross matching problems during emergency blood transfusion.

关 键 词：血型不规则抗体 新生儿溶血病 溶血性输血反应 胎盘屏障 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学]