天然气发热量测定的溯源性  

Traceability of the calorific value measurement of natural gas

作　　者：周理[1,2] 陈赓良[2] 潘春锋[2] 许文晓[2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学工学院 [2]中国石油西南油气田公司天然气研究院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2014年第11期122-127,共6页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：2013年中国石油天然气集团公司科研专题"天然气发热量直接测定技术研究"(编号:2014D-4711)

摘　　要：发热量是商品天然气最重要的技术指标之一,其量值的准确与否关系到天然气全产业链,影响重大。为此,详细介绍了天然气发热量的测定方法及其溯源性。测定天然气发热量有直接测定法与间接测定法,前者属物理化学测量范畴,以谱系学方式溯源;后者属分析化学测量范畴,以标准气混合物(RGM)方式溯源。化学成分量测量溯源链的建立,包括溯源对象与目标、测量方法与比较方法、化学成分测量基(标)准和化学成分测量溯源链的技术模型。热量计测量溯源链的建立,包括参比级(0级)热量计、甲烷纯组分发热量的测定及以参比热量计验证标准气体混合物(RGM)。同时,对相关的国际标准做了较为详尽的追踪报道:ISO 14111是第一个就化学成分测量中的溯源性作出规定的标准化文件,其实质是将分析结果的溯源还原为RGM溯源。为使ISO14111规定的溯源准则更好地应用于能量计量系统的测量不确定度评估,ISO又相继发布了ISO 10723:2012、ISO 14912和ISO15976等一系列国际标准以阐明溯源过程中偏差的检测与处理,为B类不确定度评估奠定了基础。The calorific value is one of the most important technical indexes of commercial natural gas,and its measurement accuracy is closely related to the whole natural gas industrial chain.This paper introduced in detail two methods of direct and indirect measurement as well as their traceability.The direct method involves physical chemistry measurement techniques with tracing to the source by genealogy;the indirect method involves analytical chemistry measurement techniques with tracing to the source by the reference gas mixtures（RGM）.The traceability chain of chemical components determination included the traceability object and target,measurement and comparative methods,measurement criteria,and the technical model.The traceability chain of thermal calorimeter measurement included the reference flowmeter（0-level）,the determination of methane pure component,and the RGM verified by the reference flowmeter.Meanwhile,we made a thorough overview of the relevant international standards.ISO 14111 is the first standard about the traceability of chemical components measurement,which means that the analysis results will be traced to the RGM.ISO 10723 followed in succession to apply the traceability of ISO 14111 to the uncertainty assessment of energy measuring system.After that,a series of ISO 14912,ISO 15976,etc.were issued to lay a foundation for the uncertainty assessment of B types by illuminating how to detect and deal with the offsets in the process of traceability.

关 键 词：天然气分析 溯源性 发热量 标准气体混合物 参比热量计 

分 类 号：TE642[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]