基于小尺度的高寒牧区碳排放估算——以甘南州合作市为例  

The estimates of carbon emission based on small-scale in alpine pastures:a case study of Hezuo in Gannan Autonomous Prefecture,China

作　　者：王录仓[1] 高静[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第21期6337-6345,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然基金地区项目(41261042);2011年度省属高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目;2010年度甘肃省高校研究生导师基金项目(1001-22);西北师范大学青年教师科研能力提升计划-骨干项目(SKQNGG10029)

摘　　要：碳排放是目前国内外研究的热点问题。纵观碳排放计算,关键涉及到两个环节:一是研究尺度的选择,二是评估参数(即碳排放/吸收系数)的确定。高寒牧区还必须充分考虑牲畜碳排放。以甘南州合作市为例,将研究尺度缩小到41个行政村,并采用最新的土地二调数据,对土地利用碳排放和碳汇、生活和牲畜碳排放进行了系统地测算。结果表明:(1)从土地利用的角度考察,合作市总碳排放表征为"碳亏"态势。总碳排放量为24374.82 t/a,其中土地利用碳排放量为4908.21 t/a,牲畜代谢碳排放量为3703.94 t/a,城乡居民生活碳排放量为15762.67 t/a。而碳汇量仅为1949.74 t/a,"碳亏"量为22425.08 t/a。(2)牲畜是高寒牧区呼吸碳排放的主体,其碳排量为3703.94t/a,其中牛是碳排放的主体,其碳排量占90%以上。(3)城乡居民生活碳排量为15762.67t/a,城镇明显高于农村,生存型碳排放强度高于发展型碳排放强度。(4)碳排放局分布势面与碳汇分布局势面基本呈反向分布态势,但总的碳排放格局取决于碳排放而非碳汇,空间分布表现为从城区—半农半牧区—纯牧区逐级递减的趋势。Carbon emissions are the hot issues of the current domestic and international research.Throughout the calculation of carbon emissions,the key involves two aspects：First,the choice of research scale,second,the definition to assessment parameters（ carbon emission / absorption coefficient）.The alpine pastoral must also full consider Livestock carbon emissions.The paper carried out a systematic calculation of land use carbon emissions and carbon sinks,which combined characteristics of alpine pastures and the lastest second national survey data of land use,by the way of scale-down to the 41 administrative villages.The results show that：（ 1） The total carbon emissions characterization show as ＂ carbon deficit＂ situation.The total carbon emissions24374.82 t / a,Land-use carbon emissions 4908.21 t / a,the livestock metabolism carbon emissions 3703.94 t / a,and urban-rural residents living carbon emissions 15762.67 t / a.Carbon sinks only have 1949.74 t / a,the amount of ＂ carbon deficit ＂ reaches to 22425.08 t / a.（ 2） In the alpine pastoral,livestock is the main body of breathing carbon emissions,carbon emissions for 3703.94 t / a,which the cattle are the main factors of the carbon emissions,more than 90% of its carbon emissions.（ 3） Urban-rural residents living carbon emissions reaches to15762.67 t / a,the towns significantly higher than rural areas,This suggests that the survival-type carbon emission intensityis higher than the development of carbon emission intensity.（ 4） From the city-semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areaspure pastoral areas,the spatial pattern of carbon emission shows a decreasing trend.

关 键 词：生存型碳排放 发展型碳排放 呼吸释碳 合作市 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]