中国中南部双季稻栽培CH_4和N_2O排放特征及其环境成本评估  

Emission Characters and Environmental Cost of CH_4 and N_2O from Agricultural Activities of Double Rice Cropping in Central and South China

作　　者：沈建凯[1] 贺治洲[1] 尹明[1] 谢振宇[1] 郑华斌[2] 黄璜[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南儋州571737 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]农业部华中地区作物栽培科学观测实验站,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2014年第11期2295-2302,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.313071);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.1630032014031);国家水稻丰产科技工程(No.2013BAD07B11)

摘　　要：CH4和N2O是水稻生产过程中产生的2种重要温室气体.本文评估了中国中部和南部双季稻生产CH4和N2O排放及潜在温室效应环境成本.通过评估1992～2011年华中、华南10省（区）CH4和N2O排放量和环境成本发现：（1）20 a间,华中、华南CH4和N2O年均排放总量变化趋势一致,呈“V”字走势,2003年为转折点.（2）1992～1996、1997～2001、2002～2006、2007～2011年华中、华南CH4和N2O年均排放量表现逐渐下降,近几年排放量有增加态势;单位面积排放量逐渐增加;CH4和N2O排放量对应环境成本变化与其一致.（3）华中CH4、N2O年均排放总量分别为200.13、0.66万t,单位面积排放量分别为234.89、0.89 kg/hm2.华南CH4、N2O年均排放总量分别为125.42、0.48万t,单位面积排放量分别为216.78、1.17 kg/hm2.（4）华中CH4、N2O年均排放量环境成本分别为7.05、0.41亿美元,单位面积成本分别为98.65、5.54美元/hm2;华南CH4、N2O年均排放量环境成本分别为4.60、0.40亿美元,单位面积成本为91.05、7.25美元/hm2.（5）华中的湖南和江西CH4、N2O分别占华中排放总量的68.02％、61.07％,华南的广东和广西CH4、N2O分别占华南排放总量的80.49％、75.51％,需重点考虑减少这些地区的CH4、N2O排放,降低生产环境成本.由此可见,中国中南部双季水稻种植CH4、N2O排放量和环境成本较高,需要采取符合实际情况的减排措施,适度降低温室气体排放量和环境成本.Paddy field is an important source of atmospheric CH4 and N20. Based on the agricultural date from National Bureau of Statistics of China, from 1992 to 2011, the CH4 and N20 emission and its greenhouse effect environmental cost of double rice cropping in Central and South China were estimated and analyzed, and reduction methods of CH4 and N20 emission were recommended for rice cultivation. The results showed that （1） In Central and South China, the annual emission variation of CH4 and N20 had a similar ＂V＂ trend, and a turning point was happened in 2003. （2） The average annual emission of CH4 and N20 was gradually decreased every 5 years from 1992 to 2011, but the unit area emission of rice cultivation of CH4 and N20 were increased gradually. And the variation trend of environment cost of greenhouse effects of CH4 and N20 were the same as their emission trend. （3） In Central China, the average annual emission of CH4 and N20 was 200.13×10^4, 0.66×10^4t respectively, and the unit area emission was 234.89, 0.89 kg/ha correspondingly. In South China, the average annual emission of CH4 and N20 was 125.42×10^4, 0.48×10^4 t, and the unit area emission was 216.78, 1.17 kg/ha respectively. （4） In Central China, the environment cost of greenhouse effects of CH4 and N20 was 7.05×10^9, 0.41×10^9 USD and the unit area cost was 98.65, 5.54 USD/ha, and in the South China, the environment cost of greenhouse effect of CH4 and N20 was 4.60×10^9, 0.40×10^9 USD and the unit area cost was 91.05, 7.25 USD/ha. （5） The highest of CH4 and N20 emission was in Hunan and Jiangxi in Central China, and that in South China they was in Guangdong andGuangxi. To reduce the emission of CH4 and N2O in these areas is of a top priority. Aeeording to the study, in Central and South China, the emission and environmental cost of CH4 and N2O was so high that it should be re- duced in a manner of innovative rice planting technology.

关 键 词：双季稻 CH4 N2O 温室效应 环境成本 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S511[农业科学—作物学]