知母历代临床用量评述  

Review on the dosage of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae used in clinics in the past dynasties

作　　者：宋佳[1] 张林[1] 陈传蓉[1] 杨琳[1] 丁毅[2] 傅延龄[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学基础医学院,北京100029 [2]中国中医科学院基础理论研究所,北京100070

出　　处：《上海中医药杂志》2014年第10期74-78,共5页Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"计划)中医理论基础研究专项(2010CB530604)

摘　　要：目的总结知母自汉代至今两千多年的临床剂量特点,为知母临床应用选择安全、合理、有效的剂量提供文献依据。方法选取各朝代最具代表性的医学著作,采用EXCEL表格录入数据并建立各朝代知母临床用量数据库,统计知母在不同朝代出现的频次、最常用剂量、常用剂量范围上限、常用剂量范围下限、最大用量、最小用量以及平均用量,并对其进行数据分析。结果统计结果发现,汉唐时期知母临床用量较大且用量范围较广,最大量可达82.8g。自宋代推行煮散之后,知母临床用量显著下降,但仍有大剂应用的医家。至现当代,知母的临床用量多限于药典所规定的范围,但也有超药典用量应用的报道,使得知母的临床应用长期以来呈现大小剂量并存的现象。结论知母大剂量应用(≥30g)常见于白虎汤及其类方,主要用于瘟疫、温疟等急性热病的治疗,而通过辨证小剂量应用知母(≤6g)也会取得显著的临床效果。另外,汉唐时期知母常用于治疗痹证及水湿肿满等证,而此功效在宋代之后则应用较少。Objective This paper summarizes the characteristics of clinical dosages of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae from the Han Dynasty, in order to provide the documents basis for the safe, reasonable and effective dosage of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae. Methods The most representative medical works from each dynasty were selected, usages of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae in these books were all recorded by Excel software, and finally database of clinical dosages of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae had been established. The most common dosage, upper limit value of common dosage, lower limit value of common dosage, maximal dosage, minimal dosage, and average dosage of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae were statistically analyzed. Results The characteristics of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae＇ s clinical dosages were that the maximal dosage was used during the Han and Tang periods, especially in the Tang Dynasty, the dosage of Rhizoma Aaemarrhenae in a prescription reached 82.8 g. From the Song Dynasty, medicine material powder for boiling had been popularized, so the dosage of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae was decreased. However, there were stil a few doctors applying Rhizoma Anemarrhenae with large dosage at that time. To contemporary and modern times, most doctors give dosage of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia, while some reports about giving large dosage in clinical practice also appeared many times. Coudusion Appropriate application of Rh/zoma Anemarrhenae in large dosage, no less ＇than 30g, often in ＂Baihu Decoction＂, can obtain a remarkable effect on treating emergency and severe febrile diseases. While better clinical effect can be obtained with a lower dosage. In addition, in the Han and Tang dynasties, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae was often used to cure dropsy and arthritis, while it was less application after the Song Dynasty.

关 键 词：知母 临床用量 述评 

分 类 号：R242[医药卫生—中医临床基础]