阶梯-深潭流场结构特征研究  

Step-Pool Flow Field Structure Characteristics

作　　者：黄华东[1,2] 漆力健[2] 余国安[3] 陈社鸿[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学土木建筑学院,重庆400074 [2]四川农业大学水利与建筑工程系,四川雅安625014 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第5期77-80,119,共5页Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001008);四川省教育厅资助项目(12ZB306)

摘　　要：以山区河流天然的阶梯-深潭结构为研究对象,采用k-ε双方程紊流数值模拟方法,研究了不同流量下的阶梯-深潭结构深潭底部流场结构与消能相关的性质。实验表明:阶梯-深潭结构的环流区发展可增加水流在深潭区的滞留时间,促进剩余能量的耗散,对河床的安全和稳定极为有利。在深潭区,主流转换为涡漩流的过程中紊动特别强烈,能量耗散高效且均匀,阻止了因能量的积聚而造成的河床直接被冲毁情形的发生。此外,阶梯-深潭结构通过感知不同的流量情形和结构的自稳状态,优化结构使水流形成平稳的流场且压力分布趋于均匀,促进了结构的稳定和安全。Taking the natural step-pool system in mountainous rivers as the research subject, the numerical simulation method of k-ε turbulence was used to research the related properties between flow structure and energy dissipation of the bottom of step-pool under different flow rates. The experiment results show that the development of the step-pool recirculation zone has increased the time for water circulation in the deep pit district, promoting the dissipation of residual energy, which is extremely beneficial to the security and stability of the riverbed. In the pit area, in the process of mainstream converting into vortex, turbulence is extremely strong and energy is dispersed into the mainstream around quickly and uniformly, which prevents the riverbed from directly destroying by increase of energy. In addition, step-pool automatically adjusts the step-pool structure to adapt the different flow conditions situation and optimizes the structure, so that the flow of water becomes smoothly and the pressure distribution becomes uniformly, which improves the stability and safety of the structure.

关 键 词：工程地质学 阶梯-深潭 数值模拟 流场结构 能量耗散 河床稳定 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]