不同蛋白质饲料对宣汉黄牛瘤胃固相黏附纤维降解微生物数量的影响  

Different Protein Feeds Affect Populations of Cellulosis Microbes Adherent to Solid Fractions in Rumen of Xuanhan Yellow Cattle

作　　者：吴小燕[1,2] 彭全辉[1] 王之盛[1] 邹华围[1] 陈慧[1] 唐春梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,雅安625014 [2]乐至县天龙农牧科技有限公司,乐至641507

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2014年第11期3298-3306,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-38);农业部公益性行业专项饲料营养价值与畜禽饲养标准研究与应用(20090300608)

摘　　要：本文旨在研究豆粕、菜籽粕和棉籽粕3种蛋白质饲料对宣汉黄牛瘤胃固相黏附纤维降解微生物数量的影响。选用4头健康且体重相近装有永久瘤胃瘘管的宣汉黄牛,采用4×4的拉丁方设计,共4期,每期10 d,基础组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂以豆粕(豆粕组)、菜籽粕(菜籽粕组)和棉籽粕(棉籽粕组)等量替换基础饲粮中精料(替换比例为基础饲粮的15%)的试验饲粮。采用荧光定量PCR技术分析采食后1、3、5、7和9 h瘤胃固相黏附真菌、原虫、白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌数量的变化。结果表明:1)随采食时间的延长,豆粕组、菜籽粕组和棉籽粕组的瘤胃固相微生物数量的变化趋势各不相同。豆粕组的纤维降解微生物数量集中在采食后5和7 h时达到最大值,棉籽粕组几乎都在采食后7 h时达到最大值。2)组间比较,从各时间点的平均值来看,棉籽粕组真菌数量显著高于菜籽粕组和豆粕组(P<0.05),菜籽粕组原虫、黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌的数量均显著或极显著高于豆粕组和棉籽粕组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。综上,不同蛋白质饲料对瘤胃固相黏附纤维降解微生物的数量有显著影响,以菜籽粕对宣汉黄牛瘤胃固相黏附纤维降解微生物的促进效应最好。The objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of three protein feeds（ soybean meal,rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal） on the populations of cellulosis microbes adherent to solid fractions in rumen of Xuanhan yellowcattle. Four healthy rumen-cannulated Xuanhan yellowcattle with similar body weight were used in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. There were 4 periods with 10 days in each period. Cattle in basal group were fed a basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed experimental diets,in which concentrate in basal diet were replaced by soybean meal（ SBMgroup）,rapeseed meal（ RSMgroup） and cottonseed meal（ CSMgroup） at 15% of basal diet,respectively. The fluorescent quantitation PCR technique was introduced to analyze the change of the populations of fungi,protozoa,R. albus,R. flavefaciens,and F. succinogenes adherent to solid fractions in rumen after 1,3,5,7 and 9 hours of feeding. The results showed as follows： 1）with the increasing of time after feeding,there was no the same trend in different groups on the population of cellulosis microbes adherent to solid fractions in rumen. The populations of cellulosis microbes in SBMgroup reached the highest concentrated at 5 and 7 hours after feeding,and those in CSMgroup almost did at 7 hours after feeding. 2） Compared among means at different time after feeding of different groups,the population of fungi in CSMgroup was significantly higher than that in RSMand SBMgroups（ P 〈0.05）,and the population of protozoa,R. flavefaciens and F. succinogenes in RSMgroup were significantly higher than those in SBMand CSMgroups（ P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01）. In conclusion,different protein feeds significantly affect the cellulosis microbes adherent to solid fractions in rumen,and rapeseed meal has better promoting effects on cellulosis microbes adherent to solid fractions in rumen of Xuanhan yellowcattle.

关 键 词：菜籽粕 豆粕 棉籽粕 宣汉黄牛 纤维降解微生物 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学] S816.4[农业科学—畜牧兽医]