一维对心碰撞恢复系数的讨论  

DISCUSSION ON THE COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION OF ONE-DIMENSION CENTRAL COLLISION

作　　者：王悦[1] 

机构地区：[1]铜陵学院电气工程系,安徽铜陵244000

出　　处：《物理与工程》2014年第5期66-69,共4页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：2013年安徽省高等学校省级自然科学研究项目(编号:KJ2013B303)

摘　　要：本文深入讨论了两球对心碰撞时,速度恢复系数、冲量恢复系数、能量恢复系数3种恢复系数的不同定义,并且讨论了3种定义之间的关系,总结了影响恢复系数的各种因素;同时,分析了恢复系数不同取值时的物理意义.研究这3种定义时,我们发现了一个共同特点是经典理论中都将恢复系数看作只与材料有关的常数.但是实际碰撞过程恢复系数不是仅仅依赖于材料的一种固有属性,它还与摩擦、撞击物和被撞击物的材料、接触面的几何性质以及碰撞的位形、初始速度等因素有关.本文仅限于考虑与材料特性有关的经典理论研究.In this article, we deeply discussed the disagreement and the relationship among three different definitions of restitution coefficients including velocity restitution coefficient, impulse restitution coefficient, and energy restitution coefficient, when two balls collided centrally. We summarized the various factors affecting the restitution coefficient and analyzed the physical meaning of the different values of the restitution coefficient. When we studied the three definitions, we found one thing in common that the restitution coefficient was seen as a constant related only to material. However, in the real collision process, the restitution coefficient is not only an intrinsic attribute of material, but also related to several factors such as friction, material of rammer and impactor, geometric property of contact surface, configuration of collision, initial velocity and so on. This paper is limited to consider the classic theories related to the material properties.

关 键 词：恢复系数 碰撞 速度 冲量 能量 

分 类 号：O313.4[理学—一般力学与力学基础]