水稻不同类群品种间的纹枯病抗性评价和抗病新种质筛选  

Screening of new resistant germplasm and resistance evaluation of different rice sub-population varieties to sheath blight(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)

作　　者：左示敏[1] 陈天晓[1] 邹杰[1] 康厚祥[2] 李前前[1] 张亚芳[1] 陈宗祥[1] 陈夕军[3] 刘文德[2] 王国梁[2] 潘学彪[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/教育部植物功能基因组学重点实验室,扬州大学,扬州225009 [2]植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [3]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2014年第6期658-670,共13页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：国家转基因生物新品种培育重大专项课题(2012ZX08009001,2014ZX0800103B);江苏省自主创新资金项目(CX(12)1003)

摘　　要：种质资源筛选是抗病育种的前提和基础。以已知抗病水平的5份鉴别品种为对照，对水稻5个类群和1个混合类群的299份品种进行了温室苗期纹枯病抗性鉴定，筛选抗纹枯病水稻新种质。在“雾室／mist—chamber”环境下以改进的带菌木质短棒为接种物、以基于“叶枕高”的“0—9”级病级指标为标准，可有效区分对照品种间的抗病水平。299份品种中未发现免疫和高抗品种，中抗以上品种比例仅为36．5％，多数品种为中感至高感水平。就水稻不同类群而言，AUS类群中中抗以上品种的分布频率最高，超过60％；其次为ARO类群，为54．6％；分布频率最低的为TRJ类群，仅为22．7％。结合各品种苗高及与抗病对照YSBR1间的病级差异，从299份品种中筛选到7份抗病新种质，其中1份的抗性显著高于YSBRl．接近高抗水平。本研究为水稻抗纹枯病遗传育种提供了新的抗源，同时为选择合适的类群问品种杂交以培育抗纹枯病新品种提供了理论依据。Screening rice germplasm resources with resistance to sheath blight （SB） disease, caused by Rhizoc- tonia solani, is the prerequisite for rice breeding against this disease. In the present study, the seedling resistance of 299 rice accessions from five different sub-populations and one mixed population to SB disease was evaluated by artificial inoculation in green house. Five varieties to determine the resistant levels of new germplasms. with known SB resistance levels were included as controls The resistances of the five controls could be effectively distinguished to different resistant levels by using the ＂mist-chamber＂ method with the improved inoculum and the ＂0-9＂ rating scores that were calculated based on the height of the tallest leaf sheath. No rice variety was found to be immune and high resistant to R. solani, and only 36.5% of the tested varieties showed resistant andmoderate resistant to SB disease. For different rice sub-populations, the AUS population had the highest ratio （more than 60%） of varieties with resistant and moderate resistant levels, then followed by ARO population with 54.6% ; the TRJ population had the lowest ratio （only 22.7% ） of resistant varieties. Based on the difference between YSBR1, a widely used SB-resistant control variety, and the tested varieties on the seedling height and SB scores, seven varieties among the 299 accessions were believed reaching resistant level to SB, and the variety Bico Branco showed significantly stronger resistance to SB than that of YSBR1. Results of the study will not only provide the new resistant germplasms for rice breeding against SB disease, but also guide breeders to select appropriate sub-population in breeding program for developing SB-resistant rice varieties.

关 键 词：水稻资源 不同类群 纹枯病 人工鉴定 抗病种质 

分 类 号：S435.111[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]