不同直播方式水稻产量及其物质生产特点  

Grain yield and matter accumulation characteristics of rice in the different patterns of direct-seeding cultivation

作　　者：许轲[1] 唐磊[1] 郭保卫[1] 张洪程[1] 霍中洋[1] 戴其根[1] 魏海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2014年第3期42-47,共6页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2011BAD16B03);江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2013394);农业综合开发农业部专项项目(超级稻研究专项);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102)

摘　　要：以常规稻常农粳7号、超级稻南粳44和杂交稻甬优2638、甬优7号为材料,设置水(湿润)直播点播和条播2种栽培方式,研究不同播种方式水稻产量及其物质生产特点。结果表明:与条播方式相比,点播方式水稻有效分蘖临界叶龄期(N-n)和拔节期LAI显著较高,抽穗后叶面积衰减慢;冠层各层高叶面积占总叶面积比例差异较大,除距离地面20cm处外,其余层高点播方式透光率较低;有效分蘖临界叶龄期、拔节期和成熟期干物质积累量以及抽穗期至成熟期的干物质净积累量及对籽粒产量贡献率点播方式显著高于条播方式;此外,点播方式抽穗后干物质积累净同化率高,且茎鞘干物质输出率、表观转换率和表观转化率低。最终,4个品种点播方式水稻产量较条播方式提高5.33%,产量构成因素上表现为单位面积穗数少,每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重较高。点播方式在水稻产量与干物质生产和积累上具有显著优势。Little information is available on grain yield and matter accumulation characteristics of rice in the different patterns of water （wet） direct seeding cultivation. The experiments were conducted using four varieties, conventional rice Changnongjing 7, super rice Nanjing 44, hybrid rice Yongyou 2638 and Yongyou 7, to investigate the characteristics of photosynthesis productivity and accumulation and its contribution to yield formation by the two direct seeding cultivation methods, namely hole seeding and seeding in drill cultivation. The results indicated that the yield and biomass accumula- tion were significantly affected by the different direct seeding cultivation methods. Compared with rice seeded in drill, in hole seeded rice, LAI in critical leaf-age for productive tillers and jointing stage were significantly higher, and rate of leaf area decreasing per day after heading stage was slower; rate of leaf area of canopy in each high level was significantly dif- ferent, and except 20 cm away from soil ground, light transparence rate was less; in critical leabage for productive till- ers, jointing and mature stage, the dry matter accumulation were higher with more net accumulation from heading to ma- ture and its contribution to yield; moreover, net assimilation rate after heading stage was higher, and export rate, conver- sion rate and transformation rate of dry matter in stems and sheaths were lower. In mature stage, duo to higher number of spikelets per panicle, filled grain percentage and 1000-grain weight to offset less panicles per unit area, the grain yield of hole seeded rice was 5.33~ higher than that of rice seeded in drill. The available regulation approaches of the different patterns of direct-seeding cultivation in rice were discussed in the present paper. The results suggest that hole seeded rice under the direct-seeding cultivation has the significant advantage in yield and dry matter productivity and accumulation.

关 键 词：水稻 直播方式 产量 物质生产 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]