道路之思：巴西经济转型的几点重要启示  

On Development Path: Important Insights into Brazilian Economic Transformation

作　　者：苏振兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉美研究所

出　　处：《学术前沿》2014年第17期17-25,共9页Frontiers

摘　　要：巴西于1993～2002年进行全面性经济改革,初步实现了从内向发展到外向发展、由国家主导型体制向市场经济体制的转型。但是,这场改革是以抑制恶性通胀、稳定宏观经济为优先目标,改革过程出现两方面的问题。其一是政府当局先是通过更换货币、大幅调整汇率降低通胀,继而长时间采用所谓"汇率锚"和高利率政策,造成外贸失衡、财政失衡、投资受限等负面效应;其二是产业结构调整未得到应有的重视,因而未能形成一种与外向发展相适应的新的经济增长方式。最近20年来,巴西在社会领域的改革是一个值得关注的亮点。Brazil＇s comprehensive economic reform between 1998 and 2002 helped to preliminarily shift its economy away from developing inward toward developing outward and away from state-controlled system toward market economy system. But this reform priorifized the prevention of malignant inflation and macroeconomic stability. Two problems arose during the reform, one is that the government authority first reduced inflation by way of changing currency and greatly adjusting downwards the exchange rate, and then adopted the so-called ＂exchange rate anchor＂ policy and the high interest rate policy,, causing trade mad fiscal imbalances as well as limits on investment; two is that the government did not pay due attention to adjusting the industrial structure, and thus failed to foster a new economic development mode commensurate with outward development. In the last 20 years, Brazilian reform in the social sphere has been a notable example that merits people＇s attention.

关 键 词：经济转型 雷亚尔计划 结构调整 转变增长方式 

分 类 号：F177[经济管理—世界经济]