西南特大干旱条件下贵州西部山地土壤含水量变化研究  

Soil Moisture Changes of the Mountainous Area in West of Guizhou under the Conditions of Severe Drought of Southwest China

作　　者：陈莉[1,2] 蔡雄飞[2] 王济[2] 王志瑞[2] 

机构地区：[1]古蔺县建设工程质量监督站,四川古蔺613000 [2]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《中国水土保持》2014年第11期60-63,71,共4页Soil and Water Conservation in China

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B06);贵州省优秀青年科技人才培养对象专项资金项目[黔科合人字(2011)14号];贵州省2012年度省科学技术厅;贵州师范大学联合基金(黔科合J字LKS[2012]27号);贵州师范大学博士科研启动基金项目

摘　　要：2010年我国西南特大干旱对区域内生态环境形成严重干扰,地表植被受到严峻的考验。选取本次受灾最严重的区域之一——贵州盘县为研究区域,对乔木林地、灌木林地和耕地自然坡面不同坡位的0—60 cm土壤分层采样,分析特大干旱干扰下区域土壤含水量及其变化规律,旨在为该区域干旱灾害的防灾减灾及相关研究提供参考。分析结果表明：1从土壤表层向下到60 cm深度,不同地表覆被、不同坡位的土壤含水量均呈逐渐增大的变化趋势,土壤含水量与土层深度呈线性相关关系。2不同地表覆被类型的土壤含水量差异表现为乔木林地〉灌木林地〉耕地,乔木林地与灌木林地相应土层土壤含水量差值在3.55～6.30百分点之间,灌木林地与耕地差值在5.24～16.77百分点,乔木林地与耕地差值在11.19～21.08百分点。3乔木林地的下坡与中上坡相应土层的土壤含水量差异较大,灌木林地和耕地不同坡位相应土层的土壤含水量差异不大,土层厚度对不同坡位土壤含水量的影响较大。In 2010,the severe drought in southwest of China had seriously interfered the regional ecological environment and the surface vegetation experienced a rigorous test. The paper selected Panxian Country of Guizhou,which was one of the worst affected areas with the disaster as the study area,conducted stratified sampling at the 0-60 cm soil of different slope positions of woodland,shrub land and farmland and analyzed the soil moisture and its variation law under the conditions of extraordinary drought for providing references for the study on disaster prevention and reduction and related issues of drought disaster of the region. The outcomes show that a) the soil moisture in different land covers and different slope positions shows a gradually increasing trend from the surface to 60 cm deep soil. The soil moisture has a linear correlation with the soil depth; b) the differences of the soil moisture in different types of land cover are woodland > shrub land > farmland. The difference of soil moisture in corresponding soil layer between woodland and shrub land varies from 3. 55% to 6. 30%,between shrub land and farmland varies from 5. 24% to 16. 77% and between woodland and farmland varies from 11. 19% to 21. 08%; c) the differences of soil moisture in corresponding soil layer between downhill and uphill woodland vary greatly. The soil moisture in corresponding soil layer of different slope positions between shrub land and farmland changes a little. The thickness of soil layer has greater impact on the soil moisture of different slope positions.

关 键 词：西南特大干旱 土壤含水量 贵州西部 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]