环境规制对中国企业规模分布的影响  

Effects of Environmental Regulation on Chinese Enterprises Size Distribution

作　　者：孙学敏[1,2] 王杰[3] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学商学院,河南郑州450001 [2]郑州大学现代产业与企业发展战略研究中心,河南郑州450001 [3]南开大学经济学院,天津300071

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2014年第12期44-56,共13页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究专项任务项目"中西部地区产业发展和高等工程教育布局研究"(批准号14JDGC027);国家社会科学基金重大项目"城市生态文明建设机制;评价方法与政策工具研究"(批准号13&ZD158)

摘　　要：本文在分析环境规制对企业规模分布影响机理的基础上,以中国制造业企业数据为样本,计量检验了环境规制对中国企业规模分布的影响。研究结果显示,环境规制提高了企业规模分布的帕累托指数,使得企业规模分布变得更加均匀。基于工具变量法和修正企业规模分布指标的估计结果仍然稳健。通过区分行业污染强度和地区经济发展水平差异的估计结果表明,环境规制对重度污染行业的企业规模分布趋向均匀有显著的促进作用,但对中度污染行业和轻度污染行业企业规模分布的影响并不明显;相比于东部发达地区,环境规制更有助于提高中西部地区企业规模分布的帕累托指数,促进中西部地区的企业规模分布更接近于Zipf分布。运用反事实模拟方法的结果说明环境规制对企业规模分布的影响不仅在统计上是显著的,还具有明显的经济显著性。因此,环境规制不仅有益于保护人类赖以生存的自然环境,而且能够改善企业规模分布不均匀的状态,促进生态环境与经济环境的良性循环。This paper analyzes the mechanism of environmental regulation on enterprises size distribution, tests the influence of environmental regulation on enterprises size distribution using Chinese industrial enterprises data. The results show that environment regulation improves the size distribution of Pareto exponent, and makes the overall enterprise size distribution become more uniform. The results of instrumental variable and conventional evaluation index are also robust. The paper distinguishes the industry pollution intensity and regional development difference, and finds that environmental regulation has a significant role to heavy pollution industry enterprise, and make them to more uniform, but the effects of middle and light pollution industry enterprise size distribution are not obvious. In addition, compared with east region, environmental regulation is more conducive to the Pareto index of central and western regions, and promotes the enterprise size distribution is more close to the Zipf＇s law. The result of counterfactual method shows that the influence of environmental regulation on the firm size distribution not only has statistically significance, but has economic significance. Therefore, environmental regulation not only can protect natural environment, but also improve the uneven distribution of enterprises size through resource optimization configuration, and promote the virtuous cycle of ecological environment and economic environment.

关 键 词：环境规制 企业规模分布 帕累托指数 ZIPF分布 

分 类 号：F124.5[经济管理—世界经济]