化学品生物降解影响因素研究进展  

Research Progress on the Influencing Factors of Biodegradation of Chemicals

作　　者：林春骏[1,2] 刘济宁[2] 周林军[2] 石利利[1,2] 冯洁[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏南京210044 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2014年第6期525-530,共6页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(2013467028);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2013AA060A308);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项

摘　　要：生物降解是消除环境中有机化学品的主要途径之一。对影响有机化学品生物降解过程的因素进行了详细调研。阐述了生长代谢和共代谢2种代谢方式的原理以及温度、pH、污泥停留时间、溶解氧和化学结构等客观因素对化学品生物降解方式的选择及对生物降解过程的影响。着重分析了微生物和酶在化学品降解中的作用,阐明了自养微生物以共代谢方式降解化学品,而异养微生物采用共代谢和生长代谢2种方式降解化学品的机理。建议从添加生长基质、控制微生物结构及混合培养真菌漆酶和细菌等方面研究化学品生物降解性增强评估方法。Biodegradation is a major way of elimination of organic chemicals in the environment. Influencing factors of biodegradation of chemical were investigated in detail. The principles of metabolism and co-metabolism,and the influences of objective factors such as temperature,pH,sludge retention time,dissolved oxygen and the chemical structure on the biodegradation modes and degradation processes were elaborated. The important role that the microorganisms and relevant enzymes played in the degradation was analyzed,and the mechanisms that the autotrophs degrade the chemicals via co-metabolism,while the heterotrophs via cometabolism andor metabolism were elaborated. Finally,it was proposed that inherent biodegradability should be enhanced by adding growth substrate,controlling the microbial structure and mixed cultivating fungal laccase and microbial.

关 键 词：化学品 生物降解 影响因素 生长代谢 共代谢 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]