哺乳母猪自动饲喂机电控制系统的优化设计及试验  

Optimal design and test of electromechanical control system of automatic feeder for nursing sow

作　　者：熊本海[1] 杨亮[1] 曹沛 潘晓花[1] 王明利 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]河南南商农牧科技有限公司,郑州453500

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第20期28-33,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金："十二五"国家"863"计划重大研究课题(2012AA101905);国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD08B05)

摘　　要：随着中国规模化、集约化种猪场数字化智能饲喂需求的快速增加，为解决哺乳母猪少吃多餐且随哺乳日龄变化采食量动态增加的饲喂控制需求，该研究以哺乳母猪为试验对象，将机电系统、无线网络技术、Android技术、SQL Lite网络数据库、电子数据交换与哺乳母猪的营养供给模型集成起来，设计了一种哺乳母猪自动饲喂控制智能系统。研究结果表明，组成一个哺乳母猪智能系统的主要部件包括供料线、缓冲料仓、料位控制筒、料位调控杆、下料控制线管、螺旋输送机、中央控制箱、下料触发器、料槽及下料管道等，而且通过在系统的微处理器内存预设的采食量模型与雨刷电机精确旋转的电子控制技术相结合，实现了对预设饲喂量的准确投料；还通过储料仓的料位控制机构及设置的人工观察孔，可控制缓冲料仓的合理贮料量，尤其对泌乳早期（0～10 d）母猪的存贮料量最佳为大约10 d单头母猪的理论采食量，以保持日粮的新鲜度及减少结拱；预设的采食量的动态投料控制量基本符合哺乳母猪实际采食变化规律，且实际采食量的变化轨迹收敛于对数曲线。基于智能自动饲喂系统中采食量模型计算出不同泌乳日期的预测采食量，按4次/d 的饲喂频率及变化的投料比例（30%，25%，25%及20%）进行定时与定量投喂，与人工饲喂对比，能显著促进哺乳仔猪采食量的增加（P＜0.05），以及极显著提高哺乳仔猪的平均体质量日增加量（P＜0.01）。此外，考虑安装、清理料槽及母猪采食的方便性，建议母猪饲喂器的触发器安装高度大约为10 cm。总之，该文设计的哺乳母猪电子自动饲喂系统无需传感器及电子标识技术的应用，适合在中国中、小型的种猪繁育场的哺乳舍推广应用,且系统设备及相应的软件系统的部署方便。进一步指出，母猪自动饲喂器除需要With the rapid development of large-scale and intensive breeding pig farms in China, the demand for digital intelligent feeding equipment has been increased. In order to realize precise feeding, and to meet the requirements of small intake with more times and dynamically adjusting feed intake based on lactation days, one automatic electro-mechanical feeding control systems of lactating sows was designed in this study. In the system, the electro-mechanical systems, wireless network technology, mobile Structured Query Language Lite network database, and electronic data interchange were integrated with feed intake prediction models of lactating sow nutrient requirements. This intelligent feeding system included main parts of feed supply line, buffer feed bin, feed level control tube, feed level control hand shank, feed level viewing port, feeding control line tube, screw conveyer, center control integrated box, laying-off trigger, feed containing groove and feed flowing tube. The system integrated predetermined ration intake prediction models of nursing sows into microprocessor memory, and combined wiper motor’s precise electronic control technology to realize the precise control of diet feeding. Results showed that the total residual of daily feed for each sow was less than 50 g. In the system, the level indicator and artificial observation hole in storage silo were used to keep feed fresh and to reduce arch, and the advised feed storage was 10 times as much as the predicted daily feed intake for sows in early lactation; Besides, the predefined dynamic feeding system could meet the requirement of feed intake by the 28 days lactating sows, and the feed intake curve was converged to the logarithm curve. A 28-d feeding experiment was conducted with a total of 531 piglets divided into 1 test group and 3 control groups. Each group had farrowing parities of 30, 36, 12, and 20 respectively. The pigelets were fed with the pre-set feed amount calculated by the feed intake prediction models in system for 4 times per day wi

关 键 词：饲喂 控制系统 智能系统 哺乳母猪 储料仓 触发器 

分 类 号：S225[农业科学—农业机械化工程]