重活化剂抗神经性毒剂中毒作用研究进展  

Advances in research on oximes as antagonists of nerve agent

作　　者：程凤[1] 聂志勇[1] 王永安[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所,北京100850

出　　处：《军事医学》2014年第10期837-840,F0003,共5页Military Medical Sciences

基　　金：国家科技重大专项资助项目(2011ZXJ09102-05C;2011ZXJ09305);全军医学科技"十二五"重大资助项目(AWS11C004;BWS024)

摘　　要：神经性毒剂属于胆碱酯酶抑制剂类有机磷化合物,主要包括梭曼、沙林、塔崩、维埃克斯(VX)等,这类化合物的毒性极大,被认为是最危险的化学战剂。神经性毒剂中毒的治疗主要根据中毒症状,采用抗胆碱能药物、重活化剂、抗惊厥药物等联合用药,但是其中起根本解毒作用的药物主要是重活化剂,这类药物主要是通过被神经性毒剂抑制的乙酰胆碱酯酶重活化而达到治疗目的。该文对神经性毒剂的作用机制及抗神经性毒剂药物作用的主要环节,经典重活化剂的化学结构与相应的抗毒作用、体内外效应和代谢参数等进行了综述。Nerve agents （NAs） belong to the class of organic phosphorus compounds which are acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） inhibitors, including soman, sarin, tabun, VX, etc. NAs are extremely toxic and considered as the most dangerous chemical warfare agents. The current standard treatment for poisoning bynerve agents consists of the combined administration of anticholinergic drugs such as atropine sulphate, AChE reactivators such as pralidoxime, obidoxime and HI-6 and diazepam for anticonvulsant effects, but oximes are therapeutic antidotes against nerve agent intoxications which exert the therapeutic purposes primarily by reactivating the NAs-inhibited ACHE. In this paper, the mechanism of nerve agents, the main working procedure of anti-NAs drugs, the chemical structure of classic reactivator, the corresponding antitoxic action, in vivo and in vitro effects and metabolic kinetics are reviewed.

关 键 词：神经性毒剂 重活化剂 治疗效果 代谢参数 

分 类 号：R595.4[医药卫生—内科学]