冯叔鸾“戏学”的丰富内蕴及文化旨归——民国时期戏曲研究学谱之二十  

Rich Connotation and Cultural Orientation of Feng Shuluan's "Study of Chinese Opera"——the 20th Academic Pedigree of Study of Chinese Opera During the Republic of China

作　　者：赵兴勤[1] 赵韡[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学文学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第4期77-85,共9页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：冯叔鸾是民国初年风云一时的剧评家,目前生平事迹已少为人提及,学术贡献更近乎湮没无闻。个中原因,除了他发表之成果与当今学院派主流之研究旨趣不符外,还在于其政治问题与人格操守(曾出任维新政府内政部地政司司长、如皋县长等伪职)。若摈弃成见,"不以其过没其功",可以发现,冯氏在戏曲研究方面有开创之意义。如在研究对象的选取上,率先对新、旧剧进行较为全面的比较研究,早于佟晶心《新旧戏曲之研究》十数年;在研究方法的探索上,倡导"探讨根本上之组织而为学理的研究"。如此等等,均显露出冯氏超越那个时代的具有现代学术况味的治学精神。然其最为可贵之处,是首次提出"戏学"这一概念,将戏曲纳入科学范畴予以考量。这种自觉的学科意识,比王国维、梁启超更早,客观上提高了戏曲的研究地位。其"戏学"内蕴丰富,涉及演员素质、从业动机、场上表演、观众心理、编剧原则、戏曲盛衰之学理探讨、戏剧文学之审美意义等诸多方面,决非"专用以学戏者"。而早在百年前,冯氏已意识到戏曲表演艺术对"虚"、"实"关系的斟酌与把握,殊为可贵。Feng Shuluan was a famous drama critic at the beginning of the Republic of China (1 9 1 2~1949).At present,his life story is seldom mentioned and his academic contribution is unknown.It is because of the inconformity between his academic achievements and the research interests of today's mainstream academism.Another reason lies in the political issues and his immoral personality for he once had acted as the director of administrative secretary of the interior ministry and as the head of Rugao county in Jiangsu province---the positions he took in the Reformed Government of China,a puppet regime set up by the Japanese during the War of Resistance Against Japan.Despite this,Feng Shuluan has made pioneering contribution to the study of Chinese traditional opera.For example,in the choice of research obj ect, he took the lead in comparing the old operas with the new ones in a comprehensive way more than ten years earlier than Tong Jingxin's"Study of Old Chinese Operas and the New Ones". In research approaches, he advocates the scientific investigation and scientific principles.All this shows his fine scholarship with modern academic feature that transcends his times. What is most praiseworthy of him is his first putting forward the concept of"study of Chinese traditional opera",examining and discussing it within the scope of science.This academic discipline consciousness earlier than Wang Guowei's and Liang Qichao's has obj ectively promoted the academic status of the Chinese traditional opera.His"study of the Chinese traditional opera"enjoys rich connotation and encompasses the performers'quality,career motives,the actual performance,the audience psyche,the writers'principle,the theoretical discussion of the prosperity and decline of the operas,and the aesthetic significance of the dramatic literature, etc. , so comprehensive and useful to both professional performers and non-professionals.It is most praiseworthy that as early as 100 years ago Feng Shuluan had realized the importance of balancing theory with practice.

关 键 词：民国时期 戏曲研究 学谱 冯叔鸾 戏学 

分 类 号：J809[艺术—戏剧戏曲]