氮肥滴灌施肥方式对小麦/玉米/玉米间套作产量和土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Crop Yield and Soil Fertility by Different Fertilization Methods in Inter- cropping and Inter- planting System of “Wheat /Corn /Corn”

作　　者：杨金钰[1] 唐光木[1] 徐万里[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/绿洲养分与水土资源高效利用重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2014年第9期1638-1643,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目"南疆三地州高效现代特色农业关键技术研究与集成示范"(2009BADA4B03);新疆农业科学院重点实验室建设项目(xjnkkl-2013-001)

摘　　要：【目的】研究小麦、玉米间套作模式下,氮肥滴施方式对作物产量与土壤肥力的影响,为小麦、玉米间套作氮肥使用提供理论依据。【方法】设置不同的氮肥滴灌施肥方式,研究氮肥滴施对小麦、玉米生物学性状及土壤养分指标的变化及影响。【结果】氮肥滴灌追施条件下:不同生育期追施比例的变化对冬小麦生物学性状的改善不明显,全氮、有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量变化无差异,氮肥全部基施处理与其他处理的速磷含量变化有差异;套播玉米的生物学性状指标显著提高,单穗重间差异显著,全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量变化无差异,氮肥全部基施处理与其他处理有机质、碱解氮含量变化有差异;复播玉米株高、穗长变化明显,但对产量指标影响不大,碱解氮和速效钾含量变化无差异,氮肥全部基施处理与其他处理的全氮、有机质、速效磷变化有差异。【结论】不同间套作模式下,氮肥滴灌追施可促进作物的生物量累积,产量形成和土壤肥力的提高,且以作物生育中后期氮肥的滴施效果最佳。[Objective]An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rates on yield and fertilization.[Method] By nitrogen fertigation of different application rates of drip,the effect on biological traits and soil nutrients of wheat and corn was studied.[Result] By the nitrogen topdressing drip,the biological traits of winter wheat at different growth stages did not improve obviously,and there was no difference in total nitrogen,organic matter,nitrogen and potassium contents,XCK was different from the change of phosphorus content in other treatments,biological traits of intercropping maize were significantly improved,single ear weight was significantly different among them,no difference was found in total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content.Organic matter,nitrogen content of TCK was different from those by other treatments,plant height and ear length of summer corn changed significantly,but produced little effect on the yield index.Contents of nitrogen and potassium changed little,but available phosphorus of FCK were different.[Conclusion] Under different intercropping patterns,irrigation topdressing nitrogen fertilizer could promote the accumulation of biomass crops,yield and soil fertility.Intermediate or later stage fertigation of nitrogen exerted the optimal effect.

关 键 词：间套作 滴灌 施肥方式 产量 肥力 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]