出口果园中香梨黑斑病疫情监测及发生规律研究  

Study on the Monitor and Occurrence Regularity of Black Spot Disease of Korla Pear in Export- orchards

作　　者：马海波[1,2] 张祥林[1] 王翀[1] 王凤军 张雁[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆出入境检验检疫局,乌鲁木齐830063 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]库尔勒出入境检验检疫局,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2014年第9期1669-1676,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家质检公益性行业科研专项(201110022;201310091)

摘　　要：【目的】对库尔勒地区出口果园中香梨黑斑病菌(Alternaria alternate)分生孢子和病害发生情况进行监测,明确该病害在香梨生长期间的发病规律。【方法】香梨生长季节,在出口果园放置真菌孢子捕捉器,捕捉A.alternate的分生孢子,同时采集花和果实,进行镜检、分离培养和PCR检测鉴定。结合当地气象因子及香梨黑斑病菌监测和病原菌鉴定结果,探索该病害的发生规律。【结果】果园中A.alternate分生孢子的数量变化有较明显的规律性;花期病菌孢子数量较少,从果实膨大期至果实成熟期,病菌孢子数量增速较快,果实采摘期病菌孢子量达到最大。果园病菌孢子量的多少与温湿度有关,气温在28℃左右以及相对湿度在60%左右时病菌孢子数量达到最大。A.alternate从花期开始侵染香梨,在果实生长期至成熟期繁殖扩散。从结果期开始发病,并逐渐严重,果实采摘期发病最重。【结论】通过在出口果园不同时期捕捉A.alternate孢子,并对花和果实中的该病菌进行检测,查明了该病菌分生孢子在果园中的消长过程,明确了病害发生期和发病严重度与果园孢子量和气象因素等之间的关系,掌握了香梨黑斑病在当地的发生规律。[Objective] In order to definite the pathogenesis regularity of Korla pear during the growing season,the black spot pathogen （Alternaria alternate） spores and the occurrence of the disease in export-orchards of Korla were monitored.[Method] Placing fungal spore trap in export orchards and capturing A.alternate spores and collecting flowers and fruits during the growing season,identifying the spores by microscopic examination,isolating,PCR detecting.Combining the local meteorological factors,monitoring results of black spot pathogen spores of Korla pear and identification results of the bacteria to explore the occurrence of disease.[Result] Changes in the number of A.alternate spore s in the orchard had obvious regularity,which showed fewer spore s in flowering,fast increase in the number of pathogen spores from fruit enlargement stage to fruit ripening stage,maximum number of pathogen spore s in the fruit picking period.The number of spores in the orchard was related to temperature and humidity.The number reached the maximum when the temperature was 28℃ and the relative humidity was 60%.A.alternate had aleady begun to infect Kolra pear in flowering,and it was reproducing and spreading from the fruit growth to maturity.The black spot disease started from the fruiting period,then became serious.The most serious time was the fruit picking period.[Conclusion] In order to understand the occurrence period of black spot disease,severity of the disease and the relationship between meteorological factors and amount of spore s in orchard,A.alternate spore s were captured in different periods Bacteria in flowers and fruit were identified and growth process of spore in the export-orchard was found.The occurrrence regularity of black spot disease of Kolra pear in the local was mastered.

关 键 词：香梨黑斑病菌 孢子量 监测 发病规律 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S436.612[农业科学—植物保护]