以新视角解析公众气象服务的用户需求差异  

The Analysis of Different User Needs on Public Meteorological Service from a New Perspective

作　　者：梁晓妮[1] 雷俊[1] 万贵珍[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省气象服务中心,浙江杭州310017 [2]江西省气象局,江西南昌330046

出　　处：《气象与减灾研究》2014年第3期48-51,共4页Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research

基　　金：浙江省公益性技术应用研究计划项目(编号:2014C23003)"浙江省高速公路气象风险区划及预报预警服务技术研究"

摘　　要：基于公众气象服务需求调查数据,从马斯洛需求层次理论和行为经济学信息易得性原理的角度出发,分析了公众气象服务用户需求差异问题。结果发现:1)用户的气象服务需求程度满足一定的"规律性",社会公众对气象信息的需求首先是受到生理需要的驱动,其次是受到保障内在安全的需要驱动,最后才是更高层次的需求。2)用户需求又存在"特殊性",在特定的背景下,用户需求与基本的需求规律有差异,也与气象部门认为的"理想需求"存在不一致的方面。详细地了解用户需求差异的"规律性"和"特殊性",能更好地开展公众气象服务需求调查和改进气象服务质量。Basing on the data of the public meteorological service needs survey, the difference of the public meteorological service user needs was analyzed by using the methods of Maslow＇s hierarchy of needs theory and the information availability principle of behavioral economics. The results showed that the meteorological service demand degrees of customer presented certain regularity. The user needs on public meteorological service were firstly driven by their physiological needs, followed by the needs to protect the intrinsic safety, and the final one was a higher level of demand. The user needs also presented distinctiveness. Under a specific background, the user demands differed from the basic demands, also differed from the“ideal demand” thought by the meteorological department. A detailed understanding of user needs“regularity” and“distinctiveness” can help to better carry out the investigation of meteorological service needs survey and improve the quality of meteorological service.

关 键 词：公众气象服务 用户需求 规律性 特殊性 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]