铜陵市两铸造企业工人职业紧张及其影响因素  

Analysis on occupational stress and its influencing factors among workers in two foundry enterprises of Tongling City

作　　者：丁士旵[1,2] 杨永坚[1] 胡志平[2] 吴成峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院,安徽省合肥市230601 [2]铜陵市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《职业与健康》2014年第21期3036-3040,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：铜陵市科学技术局计划项目(项目编号:2011NS38)

摘　　要：目的了解铜陵市铸造技术工人职业紧张状况,分析其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法抽取某国营企业和私营铸造企业员工进行问卷调查,采取自行设计的一般人口学问卷和职业紧张目录问卷(OSI-R)对985名员工进行问卷调查,并将铸造业工人(651人)的职业紧张情况与后勤和管理人员(对照组,255人)及西南地区技术工人常模进行比较分析。结果工人组职业任务问卷(ORQ)和紧张反应问卷PSQ得分分别为(153.73±23.48)和(89.26±21.09)分,高于对照组(144.21±23.15)和(83.69±16.74)分,低于技术工人常模。工人组应对资源问卷(PRQ)得分为(121.58±19.14)分,低于对照组(129.96±19.17)的得分,高于技术工人常模(P<0.01)。工人组与对照组人员比较,职业任务重,紧张反应强,同时个体应对资源能力较弱,与技术常模比较职业任务、紧张反应有所改善。单因素分析表明,影响铸造工人职业任务和紧张反应的个体因素有性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭人均收入、有无疾病、是否发生过工伤、是否吸烟和饮酒、睡眠状况等;多元逐步回归分析表明,个体紧张反应主要影响因素为职业任务、工作环境、自我保健、学历、任务冲突以及社会支持、理处事和休闲娱乐。结论铸造工人有较高的职业紧张水平,同时应对能力较差,建议企业应从减轻职业任务、改善工作环境、加强健康教育,丰富职工业余文化生活方面入手,有效缓解工人职业紧张,提高应对能力。[Objective]To understand the status of occupational stress among casting workers in Tongling City,analyze its influencing factors. [Methods]By the cluster sampling method,the workers were collected from the state-owned and private foundry enterprises,and 985 respondents received a questionnaire survey with the self-designed demographic questionnaire and the occupational stress inventory-revised edition（ OSI-R）. Meanwhile,the status of occupational stress among casting workers（ 651 people） was compared with that among the logistics and management staff（ the control group,255 people）,and the norm of technical workers in southwest area. [Results]The scores of the occupational role questionnaire（ ORQ） and the stress reaction questionnaire（ PSQ） in the worker group were（ 153. 73 ± 23. 48） and（ 89. 26 ± 21. 09） respectively,which were higher than those in the control group[（ 144. 21 ± 23. 15） and（ 83. 69 ± 16. 74） ],and lower than the norm of technical workers. The scores of the personal resources questionnaire（ PRQ） in the worker group were（ 121. 58 ± 19. 14）,which were lower than that in the control group（ 129. 96 ± 19. 17）,and higher than the norm of technical workers（ P〈0.01）. The worker group had heavier occupational task and stronger stress reaction as compared with the control group,and with weaker personal coping resources ability. Compared with the norm of technical workers,the status of heavier occupational task and stronger stress reaction of the worker group have improved. The single factor analysis showed that the individual factors that influenced the occupational task and stress reaction of casting workers included sex,age,educational level,family per capita income,diseases,occupational injury,smoking,drinking and sleep status. The multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that the main influencing factors of individual stress reaction were occupational task,working environment,self health care,educational level,task conflict and social sup

关 键 词：职业紧张量表 职业紧张 铸造工人 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]