2012年北京市丰台区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查  

Investigation on sanitary conditions of central air conditioning ventilation system in public places in Fengtai District of Beijing in 2012

作　　者：常宪平[1] 潘颖[1] 秦娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心,100071

出　　处：《职业与健康》2014年第21期3109-3110,3115,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的调查分析2012年北京市丰台区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况,探讨其影响因素并为卫生管理提供技术支持。方法依据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》,检测集中空调送风中细菌总数、真菌、β-溶血性链球菌及PM10,风管内表面细菌总数、真菌总数、积尘量,冷却(凝)水中嗜肺军团菌。结果丰台区集中空调通风系统送风中细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌、PM10合格率分别为61.42%、88.89%、100.00%、90.91%,风管内表面积尘量、细菌总数、真菌总数合格率分别为100.00%、100.00%、99.20%,冷却(凝)水中嗜肺军团菌合格率为98.20%,血清分型以LP1型为主。集中空调送风中细菌总数存在着明显的季节性差异(χ2=12.338,P<0.01),而送风中真菌、PM10未见明显的季节性差异(χ2=3.155,P>0.05;χ2=6.976,P>0.05)。不同类型集中空调送风中细菌总数、真菌未见明显差异(χ2=5.782,P>0.05;χ2=2.653,P>0.05)。结论细菌总数、真菌总数、PM10是丰台区集中空调送风卫生质量的主要影响因素,应加强集中空调管理,定期清洗消毒,并主动开展卫生委托监测。[Objective]To investigate and analyze the sanitary conditions of central air conditioning ventilation system in public places in Fengtai District of Beijing in 2012,explore its influencing factors,and provide technical support for health management.[Methods]According to the Hygienic specification of central air conditioning ventilation in public places,the study investigated the total bacteria count,total fungi count,β-Streptococcus haemolyticus and PM10 in air from central air conditioning,the total bacteria count,total fungi count and dust amount on internal surface of flue pipe,as well as legionella pneumophila in cooling water / freezing water. [Results]The qualified rate of total bacteria count,total fungi count,β-Streptococcus haemolyticus and PM10 in air from central air conditioning ventilation system was 61. 42%,88. 89%,100. 00% and 90. 91%,respectively. The qualified rate of dust amount,total bacteria count and total fungi count on internal surface of flue pipe was 100. 00%,100. 00% and 99. 20%,respectively. The qualified rate of s legionella pneumophila in cooling water / freezing water was 98. 20%,and the serotype was dominated by LP1. There was significant seasonal difference in total bacteria count of air from central air conditioning（ χ^2= 12. 338,P〈 0. 01）,while the differences in total fungi count and PM10 among different seasons were not significant（ χ^2= 3. 155,P〉0.05;χ^2= 6. 976,P〉0.05）. No significant differences in total bacteria count and total fungi count in air were found among different types of central air conditioning system（ χ^2= 5. 782,P〉0.05; χ^2= 2. 653,P〉0.05）. [Conclusion]The main influencing factors for sanitary conditions of central air conditioning ventilation system in Fengtai District are total bacteria count,total fungi count and PM10. It is necessary to strengthen the management of central air conditioning,regularly carry out the cleaning and disinfection,and actively implement the delegated health monitoring.

关 键 词：集中空调通风系统 送风中微生物 风管内表面微生物 PM10 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]