耕作措施对四川丘陵旱地小麦前期群体质量和土壤水分的影响  

Effects of Tillage Methods on Population Quality of Winter Wheat at Early Stage and Soil Moisture in Hilly Areas of Sichuan

作　　者：李金刚[1] 樊高琼[1] 汤永禄[2] 李朝苏[2] 吴春[2] 陈溢[1] 黄伟仁[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130 [2]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,四川成都610066

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2014年第5期1852-1857,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B06-02);南方丘区节水农业研究四川省重点实验室开放课题;四川省育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-15-3);四川省学带培养资金

摘　　要：为研究耕作措施对四川丘陵旱地小麦前期生长和土壤水分的影响,进而探讨耕作措施对减缓该区域季节性干旱对小麦前期生长负面影响的作用,本试验实施了以免耕、旋耕和翻耕3种耕作方式为主区,以秸秆覆盖和不覆盖为副区的裂区试验.结果表明,秸秆覆盖能显著促进小麦分蘖发生,提高叶绿素含量（SPAD值）和叶面积指数（LAI）,增加群体干物质积累,但秸秆覆盖后根系活力降低;免耕的分蘖力、LAI和群体干重显著高于旋耕和翻耕,旋耕与翻耕间差异不显著;3种耕作方式对SPAD值和根系活力无显著影响.试验中,秸秆覆盖具有显著的保墒效果,特别是在0～20 cm土层,覆盖处理的土壤含水量比不覆盖的高8.0％～16.7％.在小麦生长前期,免耕具有一定的保墒作用,这种效果随着小麦生长而减弱.本试验条件下,秸秆覆盖和免耕能显著促进小麦前期生长,具有显著的保墒效果,有助于减缓干旱对小麦前期生长的负面影响.In order to research the effects of tillage methods on the growth of wheat at early stage and soil moisture in Sichuan hilly areas,three tillage methods （no-tillage,rotary tillage and conventional tillage） were used as main plots and straw-mulching or no straw-mulching as sub-plots,and the effect of tillage methods on reducing the negative influence of seasonal drought on the growth of wheat at early stage in those regions were discussed under split plot field experiments.The results showed that straw-mulching could significantly accelerate the happening of tillers and improve the chlorophyll contents （SPAD value）,leaf area index （LAI） and population dry matter accumulation,repectively,however,the root activity was lower than that of no straw-mulching treatment at tillering stage.Under no-tillage condition,the winter wheat had stronger tillering ability,higher LAI and population dry matter accumulation,but there was not significant between rotary tillage and conventional tillage.There were no significant effects of three tillage methods on the SPAD value and root activity of winter wheat.In addition,straw-mulching had remarkable effect on soil water preservation,especially at 0-20 cm soil layer,and the soil moisture with strawmulching was higher by 8.0 ％-16.7 ％ as compared to no straw-mulching.Furthermore,no-tillage could also promote soil water preservation,but this function reduced along with the growth of winter wheat.Based on these results,it was concluded that straw-mulching and notillage could significantly promote the growth of wheat at early stage as well as soil water preservation effect and could effectively reduce the negative effects of seasonal drought on the growth of wheat at early stage in this region.

关 键 词：耕作措施 冬小麦 分蘖特性 根系活力 土壤含水量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S152.7