黄土高原植被恢复水资源承载力核算  

Estimat on of water resources carrying capacity for revegetation in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：焦醒[1] 刘广全[1,2,3] 土小宁[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]国际泥沙研究培训中心,北京100048 [3]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100 [4]水利部水土保持植物开发管理中心,北京100038

出　　处：《水利学报》2014年第11期1344-1351,共8页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：农业科技成果转化资金项目(2013GB23320627);水利部"948"项目(200207);水利行政事业项目(1261421610212);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD09B06;2006BAD03A0308)

摘　　要：针对黄土高原的水资源短缺、植被稀少、生态环境脆弱、水土流失严重等问题，根据黄土高原62个气象站1980—2008年气象数据，运用 Penman-Monteith模型和分段单值平均作物系数法，通过构建适合黄土高原植被蒸散量与需水量的模型，研究该地区不同植被类型需水量及其时空变化规律，估算在自然降水条件下的植被理论覆盖率，提出了在黄土高原区域植被恢复重建过程中可参考的水资源承载力。计算结果表明：黄土高原主要植被类型全生育期多年平均需水量分别为：刺槐林450~800 mm，油松林500~900 mm，紫花苜蓿300~600 mm，苹果400~700 mm。在有效的自然降水条件下，黄土高原各研究站点的林草植被理论覆盖率分别为：阔叶14%~65%，针叶13%~60%，草地7%~51%，经济林16%~64%。To solve the problems concerning the shortage of water resources, sparse vegetation, fragile eco-environment, water loss and soil erosion in the Loess Plateau, a simulation model for evapotranspira？tion and vegetation water requirement were set up with meteorological data of 62 weather stations from 1980 to 2008 and by the Penman-Monteith Model and single crop coefficient method in the Loess Plateau. The reference evapotranspiration （ET0）, different types of vegetation water requirement （ETc） and the spa？tial distribution, theoretical vegetation coverage and potential assessment of grain productivity under precipi？tation were studied in the Loess Plateau, which focused on the water resources carrying capacity for vegeta？tion restoration or rehabilitation. The results show that the annual ETc of Robinia pseudoacacia, Pinus tabu？laeformis, Medicago sativa, Malus pumila were 450 ~ 800 mm, 500 ~ 900 mm, 300 ~ 600 mm, 400 ~ 700 mm respectively from 1980 to 2008. The theoretical vegetation coverage of broad-leaved trees, needle trees,grass and fruit trees are 14%~65%,13%~60%,7%~51% and 16%~64% respectively.

关 键 词：黄土高原 植被恢复 水资源 承载力 

分 类 号：TV31[水利工程—水工结构工程] TV33