基于GIS的秦巴山区乡村聚落空间格局研究——以湖北省竹溪县为例  

Using GIS techniques to assess spatial pattern of rural settlements in Qinba Mountainous region: a case study in Zhuxi County, Hubei Province

作　　者：李胜坤[1] 张毅[1] 闫欣[2] 牛利强[1] 汪洋洋[1] 曹娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2014年第6期780-785,共6页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(13BGL155)

摘　　要：以2009年土地利用调查数据和DEM数据为数据源,运用核密度估计、探索性空间数据分析和空间变差函数等方法,从分布、规模和形状3方面对秦巴山区的竹溪县乡村聚落空间格局展开研究,并分析不同地形梯度下的乡村聚落分布特征。结果表明:1竹溪县乡村聚落为集群分布,拥有多条核密度高值分布带,表现出"中东部密集、北部次密集、南部密集程度较低"的特征;2乡村聚落用地规模普遍偏小,呈现出"北部较大,中、南部偏小"的分布格局;3乡村聚落斑块形状的不规则程度较高,总体上看,中部和南部聚落斑块的不规则程度高于北部。南—北方向上乡村聚落形态分布的均质性最佳,东—西和东南—西北方向上乡村聚落形态的差异程度相对较大;4地形位指数综合了高程和坡度的信息,1-4(0.239 2-1.161 5)级地形位是乡村聚落分布的优势区间,随着地形位指数的增大,乡村聚落用地规模不断减小。Qinba Mountainous Region is located in the central and western of China, it refers to the area of the Qinling and Daba mountains. Rural settlements＇ layout in this area lacks of a comprehensive planning. Based on the second land use survey data in 2009 and digital elevation model （DEM） data, this paper analyzed rural settlements＇ spatial pattern of Zhuxi County, Hubei Province by using kernel density estimation, exploratory spatial data analysis and semi-variance analysis. The results showed that rural settlements in Zhuxi were clustered in the space, there were many high kernel density zones. Large kernel density values were mainly found in the east and middle of the study area. Medium kernel density values were mainly found in the north; the lowest kernel density values were found in the south. Furthermore, the size of rural settlements was generally small, 63.51% of rural settlements＇ size was less than 1 hm2. Larger rural settlements were mainly found in the north and smaller ones in the center and south. In addition, rural settlements＇ shape was irregular on the whole. Rural settlements＇ shape was relatively uniform in the south-north direction. In contrast, rural settlements＇ shape homogeneity was significantly different in the east-west and southeast-northwest directions. Lastly, the terrain niche index was introduced, it was a comprehensive index of elevation and slope information. Rural settlements＇ distribution got the advantage on this terrain niche index range （0.239 2-1.161 5）. When the index arose, rural settlements＇ size gradually reduced. We got the conclusion that terrain （elevation and slope） impacted the distribution of rural settlements in a certain extent.

关 键 词：乡村聚落 空间格局 核密度估计 空间变差函数 竹溪县 

分 类 号：K928.5[历史地理—人文地理学] K901.8