光栅机械刻划摩擦型颤振机理  

Mechanism of frictional chatter during mechanical ruling grating

作　　者：石广丰[1] 吕杨杨[1] 史国权[1] 吉日嘎兰图[2] 肖为[1] 

机构地区：[1]长春理工大学,吉林长春130022 [2]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《光学精密工程》2014年第11期3061-3066,共6页Optics and Precision Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.51405031;No.51075042);国家重大科研装备研制项目(No.ZDYZ2008-1);吉林省科技发展计划资助项目(No.20080534);长春理工大学青年科学基金资助项目(No.202/000488)

摘　　要：研究了光栅机械刻划过程中弹性刀架和金刚石刻刀系统的摩擦型颤振机理.建立了光栅机械刻划摩擦型颤振动力学模型,并对颤振系统进行了稳定性分析,提出了系统的稳定性条件和“稳定性阈”.从能量角度对颤振进行了分析,获得了相同的稳定性条件.在刻划工艺试验装置上单一改变刻划速度进行了光栅刻划试验,通过对刻划力的测量和分析,验证了竖直方向刻划力相对于刻划速度具有下降特性,即满足了摩擦型颤振的前提条件.最后,通过对2、6、10和13 mm/s 4组不同刻划速度下所刻光栅槽形轮廓的检测,验证了该系统在超过临界刻划速度（在6～10 mm/s）的情况下会有颤振发生.验证实验证明了该摩擦型颤振动力学模型的有效性和稳定性阈的存在性,为深入量化分析并抑制颤振的发生奠定了理论基础.The mechanisms of frictional chatter of a diamond rulling system and a elastic tool post were researched in mechanical ruling grating processing,and a dynamic model for a mechanical ruling grating was established.Then,the stability of the chatter system was analyzed,and its stability condition and stability threshold were presented.Furthermore,the chatter was researched and analyzed from the energy point of view,and the same stability condition was obtained.A mechanical ruling test were performed with a test device for grating ruling only by changing the ruling speed.After measuring and analyzing the ruling forces,the characteristics of the ruling forces in the vertical direction dropping with the ruling speed were verified,and it satisfied with the precondition for the establishment of frictional chatter.Finally,the surfaces of grooves under four different ruling speeds：2 mm/s,6 mm/s,10 mm/s and 13 mm/s,were measured,which verifies that the chatter will occur when the ruling speed exceeds the critical value （6-10 mm/s）.The experiments confirm the effectiveness of the dynamic model of chatter and the existence of the stability threshold.It provides the theoretical foundation for restraining the chatter during grating mechanical ruling process and deep quantitative analysis.

关 键 词：光栅 机械刻划 摩擦型颤振 稳定性分析 

分 类 号：TH113.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论] O436.1[机械工程—光学工程]