有机废弃物好氧堆肥系统中氨氧化微生物的研究进展  

Advances of Ammonia Oxidizing Microorganisms in Organic Waste Aerobic Composting System

作　　者：杜雪晴[1] 廖新俤[1,2] 吴银宝[1,2] 陈伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学动物科学学院,广东广州510642 [2]华南农业大学农业部生态农业重点开放实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2014年第9期1-7,13,共8页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-41)

摘　　要：好氧堆肥是一种经济高效的有机废弃物处理技术,在堆肥过程中氨氧化作为氮素硝化作用的限速步骤,直接或间接影响堆肥过程中温室气体的排放和堆肥肥效。论文介绍了有机废弃物好氧堆肥系统中两种氨氧化微生物氨氧化古菌(AOA)和氨氧化细菌(AOB)的生理生态特性,概述了堆温、铵离子浓度、pH等因素对堆肥过程中氨氧化微生物种类、数量及群落结构的影响,总结了堆肥过程中调控氨氧化微生物对氮素转换作用的相关措施,并展望了氨氧化微生物在有机废弃物堆肥系统中的应用前景。Aerobic composting is an economic and efficient organic waste disposal technology,and ammonia oxidation, as a limiting step of nitrogen nitrification, directly or indirectly affects the compost fertilizer and greenhouse gas emissions in the process of compost. This paper introduced two kinds of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms, ammonia oxidizing archaea and ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and described their physiological and ecological characteristics in the aerobic composting systems. It reviewed the impact of temperature, ammonium concentration, pH and other physical and chemical properties on the type, quantity and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms during composting process. In addition, the paper summarize the effects of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms on nitrogen transformation in composting process and the possible control measures, and finally discussed the future research directions of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in compost system.

关 键 词：好氧堆肥 氨氧化古菌 氨氧化细菌 有机废弃物 

分 类 号：S811.6[农业科学—畜牧学]