暴露参数对苯污染场地健康风险评价的影响  

Impact of Human Exposure Factors on Health Risk Assessment for Benzene Contaminated Site

作　　者：侯捷[1,2] 曲艳慧[2] 宁大亮[2] 王慧[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州工业学院建筑工程系,甘肃兰州730050 [2]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2014年第11期191-195,200,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性基金项目资助(201109017);国家高技术研究发展计划"863"计划(2013AA06A210);清华大学自主科研计划(20121087922)

摘　　要：由于工业活动的影响,工业废弃场地再开发往往会给公众健康带来许多风险,因此受到各国政府的关注。文章以某化工污染场地中挥发性有机物苯的环境风险评价为例,利用基于蒙特卡罗概率性风险评估的方法分析了我国居民暴露参数对苯污染场地环境风险评价结果的影响。研究结果表明：某苯污染场地的致癌风险值为6.42E-07-8.98E-06,非致癌风险值为6.48E-04-2.03E-01之间;室内吸入蒸汽途径、土壤摄入途径是健康风险的主要途径;参数不确定性分析表明土壤摄入量、暴露周期、室内暴露频率为敏感参数,其相关系数分别为0.084 2、0.711和0.177。因此,在该污染场地风险评估中,有必要重点获取敏感参数取值使场地风险评估结果更准确、可靠。另外,有必要加强暴露参数的调查研究,建立适合中国人群的暴露参数资料库。Affected by industrial activities, re-development of contaminated site may pose health risk to the public. In this paper, Monte Carlo-based probabilistic risk assessment method was used to analyze the impact of human exposure factors on health risk assessment for a benzene-contaminated site of a chemical plant. The results showed that the carcinogenic risk indexes of benzene ranged from 6.42E-07 to 8.98E-06, while non-carcinogenic risk from 6.48E-04 to 2.03E-01; and indoor inhalation of benzene vapor and soil ingestion were the main pathways to health risk. In addition, the uncertainty analysis indicated that indoor inhalation, duration of exposure and indoor exposure frequency were the sensitive parameters, with the correlation coefficients 0.084 2, 0.711 and 0.177, respectively. Therefore, it was important to find out the values of the sensitive parameter at the contaminated site so that the risk assessment would be more accurate and reliable. Consequently, it was suggested that further studies on exposure factors for Chinese people should be carried out and the relevant database of exposure factors be established.

关 键 词：苯污染场地 概率风险评估 暴露参数 不确定性分析 蒙特卡罗模型 

分 类 号：X820[环境科学与工程—环境工程]