废碱性干电池污染物浸出特性及其对隆线溞的急性毒性效应  

Characteristics and the Acute Toxicity to Daphnia carinata of Extracted Solution of Used Alkaline Dry Batteries

作　　者：付天岭[1] 吴永贵[1] 赵红[2] 梁天昌 张静[1] 欧莉莎[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学明德学院,贵州贵阳550003

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第5期109-114,共6页Journal of Guizhou University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(20977020);贵州省重大科技专项(黔科合重大专项字[2012]6009-7号);贵州省科技创新人才团队建设项目(黔科合人才团队[2012]4005)

摘　　要：为评价废碱性干电池暴露于环境中可能产生的生态危害和环境风险,采用理化分析结合生物监测的方法对市售名牌无汞废碱性干电池的理化特征及其生物毒性进行了研究。结果表明:废碱性干电池成分较为复杂,主要含有Mn、Zn、K等素,同时富含Cu、Hg、Cr、V、Ni等多种有害重金属。电池浸出液有较高的p H(12.53),同时富含多种重金属离子,但水浸条件下大都有非常低溶出率。电池浸出液对隆线溞有较强的急性毒性,其安全排放浓度仅为0.21 m L·L-1;调节p H至中性条件下,虽能显著降低浸出液的急性生物毒性,但仍表现出较强的急性毒性。综合分析表明废碱性干电池一旦暴露于环境中将造成显著的环境污染和生态风险。To assess potential environmental hazards and ecological risks of mercury-free used alkaline dry batteries, the physicochemical properties and biotoxicity of battery extract solutions were investigated in this study. The results show： the batteries contained high level of Mn, Zn and K, and it included various of toxic metals, such as Cu, Hg, Cr, V, Ni etc. The battery extract solution had high pH value（pH = 12.53） with high level of some heavy metals. However, under water extraction conditions, majority metal dissolving concentrations were relative low. The extracting solution showed noted toxic effects to Daphnia carinata. The safe discharge concentration （SC） only was 0.21 mL · L^- 1. After adjusting the pH to neutral, the toxicity of extracting solution reduced accordingly, while it still remained a relatively toxic level. Based on the results, the used alkaline dry batteries will pose a serious environment pollution and eco-risk once been exposed in environment.

关 键 词：废碱性干电池 隆线溞 重金属 浸出特征 生物毒性 

分 类 号：X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]