半封闭公交枢纽火灾人员疏散研究  

Study on safety evacuation under fire scenario in a semi-closed public transport hub

作　　者：李炎锋[1] 侯昱晟 林欣欣[1] 张亦昕[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学建筑工程学院,北京100124

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2014年第11期1261-1263,1267,共4页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51378040);2014中国消防协会科学技术年会"青年消防学者论坛"交流论文

摘　　要：对公交枢纽上班高峰期的人流和车流分布进行测量,并对公交枢纽几何形状和气流参数进行现场调研,然后采用数值模拟分析公交中部区域着火时的烟气扩散,并采用FDS+EVAC和STEPS疏散模拟软件进行研究,比较火灾工况和没有火灾的疏散时间。考虑火灾因素后,230s内该公交枢纽内1 662个人员可以安全疏散且该时间段内烟气还没有蔓延到各出入口。而STEPS软件由于不能直接加入火灾影响因素导致计算的疏散时间少于FDS+EVAC的结果。利用FDS+EVAC进行有无火灾两种工况对比发现,疏散时间相差不大。对于半封闭高大空间类公交枢纽,在合理疏散引导的前提下,安全疏散的主要影响因素是疏散通道的结构,火灾烟气扩散在初期阶段对人员安全疏散影响不大。At first, traffic flow of passenger and bus at rush hour at public transit hub were measured, the geometry shape and airflow air flow condition of public transit hub were investigated on site. The smoke spread with fire at the middle of public transit hub was analyzed by numerical simulation, also FDS＋ EVAC and STEPS were used to analyze the evacuation time with or without fire. 1 662 passengers could evacuate safely from hub in 230 s under fire scenario, and smoke did not spread to all the exits in this time period. The evocation time period calculated by STEPS was shorter than that by FDS＋ EVAC be- cause the influence of smoke spread on evocation cannot be add- ed directly in STEPS. Difference between time periods of condi- tions with or without fire simulated by FDS-＋-EVAC was small. It can be concluded that for a semi-enclosed tall transit hub, main factor on safe evacuation is the structure Of evacuation routes under the premise of reasonable evacuation guidance. Smoke in the early stage of fire has little effect on evacuation of people.

关 键 词：公交枢纽 火灾 烟气运动 人员疏散 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU248[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]