奥运会女子田径竞技实力演变特征研究  

The Research of the Evolution Characteristics of Women's Track and Field Olympic

作　　者：顾丽萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏建康职业学院体育部,江苏南京211800

出　　处：《南京体育学院学报（自然科学版）》2014年第5期69-72,88,共5页Joournal of Nanjing Institute of Physical Education:Natural Science

摘　　要：我国女子田径的发展是以世界女子田径这一大系统发展为前提的,因而把握世界女子田径发展特征有利于更准确的为我国女子田径发展指明方向。以26~29届奥运会各国女子田径所获奖牌数以及最新奥运记录为研究对象,以百分位数法、RSR法为研究工具,分析奥运会女子田径地域板块演变规律;国家分化特征以及项目成绩演变规律。研究结果表明：（1）奥运会女子田径地域板块分化特征主要表现为总体竞技实力上欧洲〉北美洲〉非洲〉亚洲〉大洋洲〉南美洲,其中各洲际有各自的优势项目群。同时部分洲际竞技实力将趋于平衡,有原先单级化发展逐渐向多级化发展;（2）奥运会女子田径国家分化特征主要是以竞技集团形式表现出来。各集团的竞技实力之间都表现出渗透现象,其发展都处于波动状态;（3）奥运会女子田径项目分化特征主要是通过项目成绩发展不平衡体现出来,其中径赛项目竞技实力水平发展高于田赛项目,然而出现这样现象的主要原因是竞则进,不竞则退。The development of women＇s track and field in the world is the prerequisite for development of our women track and field, so holding the features of woman＇s track and field in the world are conducive to the more accurate direction of Chinese women track and field. Taking every national medals in women track and field from 26th to29th Olympic Games and the latest Olympic records as re- search subject, using percentile method and RSR method as a research tool, the paper analyzes features of regional blocks, national different features and different features of event scores in Olympic woman＇ track and field. The re- suits indicate ： （ 1 ） Features of regional blocks in Olympic Woman＇s Track and Field is that the overall competitive strength in Europe 〉 North America 〉 Africa 〉 Asia 〉 Oceania 〉 South America,which have their own advanta- geous event-group. At the same time the some continental competition strength will tend to be balance, and the origi- nal single-stage development is gradual to a level ; （2） na- tional different features mainly is displayed by the compet- itive group forms. The strengths of every competitive-group was shown to penetrate, and their development are in a volatile state; （3） Different features of event scores is mainly reflected through the uneven development of the project, and the development of track is more advanta- geous than the field level, however, this phenomenon is due to competition is progressive, not competition is back.

关 键 词：奥运会 女子田径 演变特征 

分 类 号：G80-5[文化科学—运动人体科学]