睾丸雄激素合成的调节机制及其研究进展  

Testicular Steroidogenesis and Its Regulation

作　　者：徐文丹[1] 代晓南[1] 崔毓桂[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学第一附属医院生殖医学科,210029

出　　处：《国际生殖健康／计划生育杂志》2014年第6期428-433,共6页Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81170559;81370754)

摘　　要：睾丸能产生精子和合成雄激素,前者在生精小管完成,后者由睾丸间质细胞(Leydig cell)完成。雄激素在促进男性性分化、青春期发育、维持第二性征和性成熟、维持男性生育等方面发挥重要作用。间质细胞合成雄激素功能受下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴调控,经典的分子信号通路是黄体生成激素-黄体生成激素受体-环磷酸腺苷-蛋白激酶A(LH-LHR-c AMP-PKA)途径;实际上,雄激素合成还受睾丸内旁分泌、自分泌甚至细胞内分泌形式的局部调节,如泌乳素、胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、转化生长因子α(TGF-α)、TGF-β等;除c AMP外,Ca2+也是第二信使,钙调蛋白参与调节雄激素合成。Testis as male gonad produces sperm and androgen. Sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubule, while androgen in the interstitial cells（Leydig cells）. Androgen plays important roles in male sexual differentiation, pubertal development, second sexual characteristics and maturation, and male fertility. Androgen production in Leydig cells is controlled by the hypothalamus-hypophysis-testis axis, through the LH-LHR-c AMP-PKA pathway. In fact, the intratesticular regulation, including paracrine, autocrine and intracellular secretion, is very important for regulating androgen production. Many intratesticular factors, such as prolactin,insulin, IGF-1, TGF-α and TGF-β, have been well expounded. Besides c AMP, Ca^2＋is another important second messenger. It was found that calmodulin（s） played a role in regulating steroidogenesis in Leydig cells.

关 键 词：睾丸 雄激素类 莱迪希细胞 性腺甾类激素 信号传导 

分 类 号：R33[医药卫生—人体生理学]