吕泗大洋港近岸海域浮游动物生态特征及其环境评价  

Community structure of zooplankton near lvsi ocean port area and its environmental assessment

作　　者：吴建新[1] 舒燕[2] 卞志升 李强[3] 张晴[3] 冯志华[1] 

机构地区：[1]淮海工学院海洋学院,江苏连云港222005 [2]江苏省新海高级中学,江苏连云港222005 [3]连云港市海洋与渔业局,江苏连云港222006

出　　处：《海洋科学》2014年第10期56-62,共7页Marine Sciences

摘　　要：2010年4月在吕泗大洋港近岸海域进行了海洋浮游动物群落特征调查,共鉴定浮游动物6大类14种。其中原生动物砂壳纤毛虫1种,桡足类9种,糠虾类1种,磷虾类1种,涟虫类1种,毛颚类1种。浮游动物的丰度为16-1193个/m3,平均值为422个/m3。主要优势种为克氏纺锤水蚤（Acartia clause）、火腿许水蚤（Schmackeria poplesia）、真刺唇角水蚤（Labidocera euchaeta）、中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）、小拟哲水蚤（Paracalanus parvus）、短角长腹剑水蚤（Oithona brevicornis）。优势度分别为0.876、0.477、0.299、0.271、0.255、0.187。各类指数变幅较大（种类数为5-10,丰富度指数为0.471-1.507,多样性指数为0.847-2.130,均匀度指数为0.282-0.759）。丰富度指数均值为0.802,多样性指数均值为1.485,均匀度指数均值为0.530。相关性分析表明,春季浮游动物丰度与化学需氧量和活性磷酸盐呈显著的正相关性,与水深之间有极显著的负相关；浮游动物种类数与悬浮物含量呈显著的负相关；浮游动物均匀度指数与悬浮物含量呈显著的正相关,与锌含量呈极显著的负相关；丰富度指数与活性磷酸盐（PO4-P）含量和悬浮物含量（SPM）呈显著的负相关；多样性指数与锌含量呈显著的负相关。调查海域水质状况的生物多样性指数评价显示,目前该海域水质总体已处于中度污染。Changes in the species assemblage or abundance of zooplankton have a direct impact on both primary productivity and the biomass of fish and other marine animal resources. Species composition, biomass, abundance and community structure of zooplankton have a close relationship with the dynamics of hydrologic environment. Zooplankton is a key member of marine food webs, so they are the focus of a number of studies in the Changjiang estuary. The majority of these studies have evaluated zooplankton population dynamics at a large scale. Herein, we evaluated the species composition, quantitative distribution, dominant species, and community structural characteristics of zooplankton at 20 inshore sites near the Lvsi Ocean Port （32.04°-32.20°N, 121.56°-121.80°E） in April 2010. We identified 14 species belonging to 6 groups, including 9 species of Copepoda, 1 species of Protozoa, 1 Chaetognath, 1 Cumacea, 1 Euphausiacea and 1 Mysidacea. The abundance of zooplankton ranged from 16 to 1193 ind./m3 （mean： 422 ind./m3）. The most abundant group was the Copepoda. Eight species had a dominance index ranking of 〉0.02 within the study area. Among these, Acartia clausi, Schmackeria poplesia, Labidocera euchaeta, Calanus sinicus and Paracalanus parvus were the primary dominant species （dominance index： 0.876, 0.477, 0.299, 0.271 and 0.255, respectively）. The amplitude of the index varied significantly （species： 5 to 10, richness： 0.471-1.507, diversity index： 0.847-2.130, evenness index： 0.282-–0.759） suggesting the community structure was instable. The mean diversity index of zooplankton was 1.485, the mean richness index was 0.530, and the mean evenness index was 0.587. The correlation analysis shows that the abundance of zooplankton and COD and PO4-P were significantly correlated （correlation coefficients： 0.528 and 0.502, respectively; P〈0.05）. The abundance of zooplankton and water depth were significantly negative correlated （P〈0.05） （correlation coefficients：–0.586;P〈0.

关 键 词：浮游动物 群落结构 相关性分析 吕泗大洋港 环境评价 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]