“钾”细菌浸出富钾火成岩及细菌群落结构的变化  

Bioleaching of rich-potassium igneous rock by potassium-solubilizing culture and change of bacterial community structure during leaching process

作　　者：孙德四[1] 张贤珍[1] 肖国光[1] 

机构地区：[1]九江学院化学与环境工程学院,江西九江332005

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第9期2941-2951,共11页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51264014;31360064);江西省教育厅科技项目(2008GZN0045)

摘　　要：采用摇瓶浸出与连续浸出2种方式,研究3株"钾"细菌(胶质芽孢杆菌,即Bacillus mucilaginosus,简称BMN;环状芽孢杆菌,即Bacillus circulans,简称BCM;根瘤菌,即Rhizobium spp.,简称RHJ07)对富钾火成岩的单一与混合菌浸出效果,并对浸矿过程中混合菌群落结构的动态变化进行分析。研究结果表明:混合"钾"细菌对富钾火成岩中K,Si和Al的浸出率明显要高于各单一"钾"细菌的浸出率;与摇瓶浸出方式相比,连续浸出方式可以显著促进"钾"细菌对富钾火成岩的风化分解,混合"钾"细菌CMR对富钾火成岩中的K2O,SiO2和Al2O3的浸出率分别到达52.36%,33.62%和40.55%,而在摇瓶浸出方式中,对应的浸出率分别为30.67%,21.49%和9.91%;在富钾火成岩混合菌浸出前期,没有明显的优势菌种;浸矿中期,BCM与BMN同为优势菌种,而到浸矿后期,Bacillus mucilaginosus BMN在群落中的比例显著上升,并最后取代Bacillus circulans BCM和Rhizobium spp.RHJ07成为优势菌种。Single bioleaching（Bacillus mucilaginosus BMN, Bacillus circulans BCM, Rhizobium spp. RHJ07） and a cooperative bioleaching（Bacillus mucilaginosus BMN, Bacillus circulans BCM and Rhizobium spp. HJ07） of rich-potassium igneous rock were investigated by using two bioleaching technologies of flask leaching and continuous leaching. The change of bacterial community structure during bioleaching process was analysed by bacterial identification of representative phenotypic and physiological and biochemical characteristics. The results show that the leaching rate of potassium, silicon and aluminum extraction rate from rich-potassium igneous rock by mixed culture（CMR） is higher than that by single culture. The continuous bioleaching process can promote much more remarkably potassium-solubilizing bacteria to decompose rich-potassium igneous rock in comparison with the flask bioleaching. The extraction rates of K2 O, SiO2 and Al2O3 are 52.36%, 33.62% and 40.55% respectively in continuous bioleaching process, but only 30.67%, 21.49% and 9.91% respectively in flask bioleaching by mixed culture CMR. There is no obvious dominant culture in bacterial community at the early bioleaching stage, in comparison with the ratio change of the tested three potassium-solubilizing bacteria, whereas, Bacillus mucilaginosus with Bacillus circulans together is dominant at the medium-term stage of leaching, and Bacillus mucilaginosus thrives at latter stage and turns into the dominant culture in replacement of Rhizobium spp. and Bacillus circulans.

关 键 词：“钾”细菌 富钾火成岩 生物浸出 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：Q939[生物学—微生物学] TD952.5[矿业工程—选矿]