环境同位素在黑河流域水循环研究中的应用  

Application of Environmental Isotopes in Understanding Hydrological Processes of the Heihe River Basin

作　　者：胡玥[1] 刘传琨 卢粤晗 刘杰[1] 郑春苗[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学工学院水资源研究中心,北京100871 [2]美国阿拉巴马大学地质科学系,塔斯卡卢萨阿拉巴马35487

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2014年第10期1158-1166,共9页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金黑河重大研究计划集成项目"黑河流域中下游生态水文过程的系统行为与调控研究"(编号:91225301);国家自然科学基金黑河重大研究计划重点项目"黑河流域地表水与地下水相互转化的观测与机制研究"(编号:91025019)资助

摘　　要：为了解不同时空尺度上黑河流域水循环机制,总结了近年来黑河流域进行的氘氧稳定同位素以及氚、碳和氡放射性同位素研究(2H,18O,3H,14C,222Rn),得到各类水体(降水、河水、地下水)采样点的分布及分析结果。稳定同位素结果表明上游山区降水是全流域主要的水资源产生区,中游地表—地下水交互频繁,下游浅层地下水主要接受河水补给,深层地下水则相对封闭。放射性同位素也表明下游浅层地下水年龄小于深层,与稳定同位素结果相符。总体来说,环境同位素对黑河流域的水循环研究还处于定性研究阶段。今后研究方向应致力于丰富采样的时空尺度,同时采用多种同位素并结合其他地球化学指标以定量研究结果,并将结果应用于水文数学模型的构建和校正。Recent studies using environmental isotopes （ ^2 H, ^3 H, ^14 C,^ 18 O, and ^222Rn） were summarized to trace hydrological processes in the Heihe River Basin （HRB）. Isotopic values from various types of waters （ i. e. , precipitation, surface water, and groundwater） at multiple spatiotemporal scales within the basin were synthesized. The measurements of 8D and 8180 values showed that： Precipitationin the upper-basin constituted the primary source for surface water and shallow groundwater in the HRB; frequentsurface water-shallow groundwater exchanges took place mainly in the middle HRB ; and in the lower HRB, shallow groundwater was recharged primarily by river water while deep groundwater was largely isolated from modern recharge sources. This finding for the lower HRB was further confirmed by ^14C and ^3H measurements, which demonstrated that shallow, unconfined groundwater was younger than deep, confined groundwater. Future research should be focused more on increasing sampling resolution in time and space, utilizing multiple isotopes in tandem with other geochemical tracers for more quantitative research, as well as integrating results from isotope-based, geochemical investigations into construction and calibration of numerical models.

关 键 词：同位素 黑河 补给来源 地表—地下水交换 地下水年龄 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学]