骨细胞微环境仿生模拟技术  

Technologies for Bionic Simulation of Osteocyte Microenvironment

作　　者：任丽[1] 续惠云[1] 骞爱荣[1] 商澎[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学生命学院,空间生物实验模拟技术重点实验室,西安710072

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2014年第11期1126-1134,共9页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：中国博士后基金面上资助(2013M532083);西北工业大学基础研究基金资助项目(3102014JKY15003)~~

摘　　要：骨细胞是生长于骨组织中的重要功能性细胞,承载着力学感知、骨重建平衡、机体矿物质代谢和内稳态调节等多种重要功能.骨陷窝-骨小管网络系统为骨细胞生长和功能发挥提供了稳定的结构微环境,骨基质的主要成分Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和羟基磷灰石是骨细胞黏附、细胞与细胞以及细胞与细胞外基质相互作用的生化微环境基础.而骨细胞多种生理功能的发挥离不开其对周围力学微环境变化的感知与响应.此外,骨细胞对周围环境非常敏感,微环境结构、生化组成和力学刺激的变化会对骨细胞结构和功能产生较大影响.因此,在微环境基础上研究骨细胞的结构和功能,是阐明骨细胞力学感知机制、发现骨细胞新的生物学功能的前提.然而,骨陷窝-骨小管网络系统复杂的结构和坚硬的质地,给在体研究带来了很大的困难.体外构建骨细胞仿生微环境成为骨细胞结构功能研究的必经之路.本文系统介绍了骨细胞的结构、生化和力学微环境,回顾了体外骨细胞微环境仿生模拟技术的最新进展,旨在为骨基础生物学、组织工程和再生医学的发展提供参考.Osteocyte is the most important functional cell type in osseous tissue, which is vital in response to mechanical stimuli, bone remodeling, mineral metabolism and homeostasis. Lacuna-canalicular networks serve as the fundamental structural microenvironment for osteocyte residing in and functioning. The rigid bone matrix mainly composed of type- Ⅰ collagen and hydroxyapatite provides the biochemical microenvironment for osteocyte adhesion and interaction with other cells and extracellular matrix. It is also accepted that the surrounding mechanical microenvironment is vital for osteocyte. Furthermore, due to the sensitive dependence on the surrounding environment, osteocyte will be greatly influenced by the changes of surrounding microstructures,biochemical components and mechanical stimulations. The microenvironment surrounding osteocyte is therefore of crucial importance to both elucidating the mechanism of mechanical perception and discovery of new biological functions. However, the complicated lacuna-canalicular network surrounded by rigid bone matrix makes the study of osteocyte in vivo technically difficult. It can be of great significance to reconstruct bionic microenvironment in vitro for further revealing the functions of osteocyte. The systematic introduction of structural, biochemical and mechanical microenvironment surrounding osteocyte was presented here, and the recent technologies for simulation of bionic microenvironment in vitro were also reviewed. This review will provide a useful reference for researchers who are interested in osteology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

关 键 词：骨细胞 结构微环境 生化微环境 力学微环境 仿生模拟 

分 类 号：Q81[生物学—生物工程] Q6