上对流层/下平流层水物质分布与输送特征  

Water vapor distribution and transport characteristics in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

作　　者：张岱乐 卞建春[2] 杨军[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学大气物理学院,江苏南京210044 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所中层大气与全球环境探测重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2014年第5期49-56,共8页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41175040;91337214);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2010CB428602)共同资助

摘　　要：基于Aura卫星微波临边探测仪(Microwave Limb Sounder,MLS)的水汽、冰水含量和温度等资料,对比分析了夏季亚洲季风区、北美季风区、暖池区及伊朗高原的上对流层/下平流层水汽、冰水含量及水物质总含量(水汽和冰水含量之和)的分布特征,并探讨了不同区域水汽的输送过程。结果表明:在215—83 h Pa高度水物质总含量在亚洲季风区均出现了高值中心,且亚洲季风区水物质总含量明显大于北美季风区;在215 h Pa高度水汽对水物质总含量有主要的贡献,而147—83 h Pa高度冰水含量与水汽含量对水物质总含量的贡献大致相当,亚洲季风区上对流层/下平流层水汽的高值中心揭示了反气旋对水汽的隔离作用。水汽含量(水汽混合比)在147 h Pa和100 h Pa高度不同的概率密度分布反映不同高度影响水汽输送的不同因素。北半球冬季暖池区100 h Pa上空温度极低,水汽混合比峰值概率仅为2 ppmv;而在147 h Pa高度,亚洲季风区频繁的深对流使大量水汽被输送到对流层上层,这是亚洲季风区水汽概率"长尾"分布的主要原因。在100 h Pa和147 h Pa高度,冰水含量主要集中在小值区,可能是由于冰晶粒子消耗水汽而增长到一定尺度后沉降造成的。Based on water vapor,ice water content（IWC）,and temperature data from Microwave Limb Sounder （MLS）of Aura satellite,distribution characteristics of water vapor,IWC and total water matter（sum of water vapor and IWC by reconciling the unit of ice water content to the unit of water vapor）contents in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere（UTLS）in the Asian Summer Monsoon（ASM）region,North American Monsoon（NAM） region,Warm Pool and Iran Plateau region were analyzed.Water vapor transport and main dehydration mechanisms over the UTLS were discussed.The results show that the total water matter contents in the ASM region have large value centers between 215 hPa to 83 hPa levels and are larger than that in the NAM region.At 215 hPa level,water vapor contributes more to the total water matter contents,while IWC and water vapor have the same contribution to the total water matter contents between 147 hPa to 83 hPa levels.The confinement effect of ASM anticyclone can restrict water vapor transported by deep convections in the upper troposphere.Probability distributions of water va-por and ice water content at 147 hPa and 100 hPa levels can demonstrate different dehydration mechanisms.Due to the extreme low temperature around warm pool at 100 hPa in winter of the northern hemisphere,the peak probabil-ity of water vapor mixing ratio over that region is only 2 ppmv.The＆quot;long-tail＆quot;distribution of water vapor proba-bility in the ASM region at 147 hPa displays a strong convective influence.IWC mainly concentrates on small val-ues at 147 hPa and 100 hPa,which is probably caused by ice particles sedimentation with ice growth by depleting water vapor.

关 键 词：水汽 冰水含量 上对流层/下平流层 脱水机制 

分 类 号：P426.51[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]